The MAX2691 low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed forGPS L2 applications. Designed in Maxim’s advancedSiGe process, the device achieves high gain andlow noise figure while maximizing the input-referred 1dBcompression point and the 3rd-order intercept point. TheMAX2691 provides a high gain of 17.5dB and sub 1dBnoise figure.
標(biāo)簽: Amplifier Low-Noise 2691 Band
上傳時間: 2014-12-04
上傳用戶:zaocan888
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
標(biāo)簽: Converters Defini DAC
上傳時間: 2013-10-30
上傳用戶:stvnash
ANALOG INPUT BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequencyat which the reconstructed output fundamental drops3 dB below its low frequency value for a full scale input. Thetest is performed with fIN equal to 100 kHz plus integer multiplesof fCLK. The input frequency at which the output is −3dB relative to the low frequency input signal is the full powerbandwidth.APERTURE JITTER is the variation in aperture delay fromsample to sample. Aperture jitter shows up as input noise.APERTURE DELAY See Sampling Delay.BOTTOM OFFSET is the difference between the input voltagethat just causes the output code to transition to the firstcode and the negative reference voltage. Bottom Offset isdefined as EOB = VZT–VRB, where VZT is the first code transitioninput voltage and VRB is the lower reference voltage.Note that this is different from the normal Zero Scale Error.CONVERSION LATENCY See PIPELINE DELAY.CONVERSION TIME is the time required for a completemeasurement by an analog-to-digital converter. Since theConversion Time does not include acquisition time, multiplexerset up time, or other elements of a complete conversioncycle, the conversion time may be less than theThroughput Time.DC COMMON-MODE ERROR is a specification which appliesto ADCs with differential inputs. It is the change in theoutput code that occurs when the analog voltages on the twoinputs are changed by an equal amount. It is usually expressed in LSBs.
標(biāo)簽: Converter Defi ADC 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時間: 2013-11-12
上傳用戶:pans0ul
This reference design (RD) features a fullyassembled and tested surface-mount printed circuitboard (PCB). The RD board utilizes the MAX48851:2 or 2:1 multiplexer and other ICs to implement acomplete video graphics array (VGA) 8:1multiplexer.VGA input/output connections are provided to easilyinterface the MAX4885 RD board with VGAcompatibledevices. The RD board gives the optionto use a single 5V DC power supply (V+), or this RDboard can be powered from any one of the eight VGA sources.
標(biāo)簽: multiplexer reference VGA
上傳時間: 2013-11-09
上傳用戶:ANRAN
模塊電源的電氣性能是通過一系列測試來呈現(xiàn)的,下列為一般的功能性測試項目,詳細(xì)說明如下: 電源調(diào)整率(Line Regulation) 負(fù)載調(diào)整率(Load Regulation) 綜合調(diào)整率(Conmine Regulation) 輸出漣波及雜訊(Ripple & Noise) 輸入功率及效率(Input Power, Efficiency) 動態(tài)負(fù)載或暫態(tài)負(fù)載(Dynamic or Transient Response) 起動(Set-Up)及保持(Hold-Up)時間 常規(guī)功能(Functions)測試 1. 電源調(diào)整率 電源調(diào)整率的定義為電源供應(yīng)器于輸入電壓變化時提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。測試步驟如下:于待測電源供應(yīng)器以正常輸入電壓及負(fù)載狀況下熱機穩(wěn)定后,分別于低輸入電壓(Min),正常輸入電壓(Normal),及高輸入電壓(Max)下測量并記錄其輸出電壓值。 電源調(diào)整率通常以一正常之固定負(fù)載(Nominal Load)下,由輸入電壓變化所造成其輸出電壓偏差率(deviation)的百分比,如下列公式所示: [Vo(max)-Vo(min)] / Vo(normal) 2. 負(fù)載調(diào)整率 負(fù)載調(diào)整率的定義為開關(guān)電源于輸出負(fù)載電流變化時,提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。測試步驟如下:于待測電源供應(yīng)器以正常輸入電壓及負(fù)載狀況下熱機穩(wěn)定后,測量正常負(fù)載下之輸出電壓值,再分別于輕載(Min)、重載(Max)負(fù)載下,測量并記錄其輸出電壓值(分別為Vo(max)與Vo(min)),負(fù)載調(diào)整率通常以正常之固定輸入電壓下,由負(fù)載電流變化所造成其輸出電壓偏差率的百分比,如下列公式所示: [Vo(max)-Vo(min)] / Vo(normal) 3. 綜合調(diào)整率 綜合調(diào)整率的定義為電源供應(yīng)器于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流變化時,提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。這是電源調(diào)整率與負(fù)載調(diào)整率的綜合,此項測試系為上述電源調(diào)整率與負(fù)載調(diào)整率的綜合,可提供對電源供應(yīng)器于改變輸入電壓與負(fù)載狀況下更正確的性能驗證。 綜合調(diào)整率用下列方式表示:于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流變化下,其輸出電壓之偏差量須于規(guī)定之上下限電壓范圍內(nèi)(即輸出電壓之上下限絕對值以內(nèi))或某一百分比界限內(nèi)。 4. 輸出雜訊 輸出雜訊(PARD)系指于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流均不變的情況下,其平均直流輸出電壓上的周期性與隨機性偏差量的電壓值。輸出雜訊是表示在經(jīng)過穩(wěn)壓及濾波后的直流輸出電壓上所有不需要的交流和噪聲部份(包含低頻之50/60Hz電源倍頻信號、高于20 KHz之高頻切換信號及其諧波,再與其它之隨機性信號所組成)),通常以mVp-p峰對峰值電壓為單位來表示。 一般的開關(guān)電源的規(guī)格均以輸出直流輸出電壓的1%以內(nèi)為輸出雜訊之規(guī)格,其頻寬為20Hz到20MHz。電源實際工作時最惡劣的狀況(如輸出負(fù)載電流最大、輸入電源電壓最低等),若電源供應(yīng)器在惡劣環(huán)境狀況下,其輸出直流電壓加上雜訊后之輸出瞬時電壓,仍能夠維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓不超過輸出高低電壓界限情形,否則將可能會導(dǎo)致電源電壓超過或低于邏輯電路(如TTL電路)之承受電源電壓而誤動作,進(jìn)一步造成死機現(xiàn)象。 同時測量電路必須有良好的隔離處理及阻抗匹配,為避免導(dǎo)線上產(chǎn)生不必要的干擾、振鈴和駐波,一般都采用雙同軸電纜并以50Ω于其端點上,并使用差動式量測方法(可避免地回路之雜訊電流),來獲得正確的測量結(jié)果。 5. 輸入功率與效率 電源供應(yīng)器的輸入功率之定義為以下之公式: True Power = Pav(watt) = Vrms x Arms x Power Factor 即為對一周期內(nèi)其輸入電壓與電流乘積之積分值,需注意的是Watt≠VrmsArms而是Watt=VrmsArmsxP.F.,其中P.F.為功率因素(Power Factor),通常無功率因素校正電路電源供應(yīng)器的功率因素在0.6~0.7左右,其功率因素為1~0之間。 電源供應(yīng)器的效率之定義為為輸出直流功率之總和與輸入功率之比值。效率提供對電源供應(yīng)器正確工作的驗證,若效率超過規(guī)定范圍,即表示設(shè)計或零件材料上有問題,效率太低時會導(dǎo)致散熱增加而影響其使用壽命。 6. 動態(tài)負(fù)載或暫態(tài)負(fù)載 一個定電壓輸出的電源,于設(shè)計中具備反饋控制回路,能夠?qū)⑵漭敵鲭妷哼B續(xù)不斷地維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓。由于實際上反饋控制回路有一定的頻寬,因此限制了電源供應(yīng)器對負(fù)載電流變化時的反應(yīng)。若控制回路輸入與輸出之相移于增益(Unity Gain)為1時,超過180度,則電源供應(yīng)器之輸出便會呈現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定、失控或振蕩之現(xiàn)象。實際上,電源供應(yīng)器工作時的負(fù)載電流也是動態(tài)變化的,而不是始終維持不變(例如硬盤、軟驅(qū)、CPU或RAM動作等),因此動態(tài)負(fù)載測試對電源供應(yīng)器而言是極為重要的。可編程序電子負(fù)載可用來模擬電源供應(yīng)器實際工作時最惡劣的負(fù)載情況,如負(fù)載電流迅速上升、下降之斜率、周期等,若電源供應(yīng)器在惡劣負(fù)載狀況下,仍能夠維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓不產(chǎn)生過高激(Overshoot)或過低(Undershoot)情形,否則會導(dǎo)致電源之輸出電壓超過負(fù)載組件(如TTL電路其輸出瞬時電壓應(yīng)介于4.75V至5.25V之間,才不致引起TTL邏輯電路之誤動作)之承受電源電壓而誤動作,進(jìn)一步造成死機現(xiàn)象。 7. 啟動時間與保持時間 啟動時間為電源供應(yīng)器從輸入接上電源起到其輸出電壓上升到穩(wěn)壓范圍內(nèi)為止的時間,以一輸出為5V的電源供應(yīng)器為例,啟動時間為從電源開機起到輸出電壓達(dá)到4.75V為止的時間。 保持時間為電源供應(yīng)器從輸入切斷電源起到其輸出電壓下降到穩(wěn)壓范圍外為止的時間,以一輸出為5V的電源供應(yīng)器為例,保持時間為從關(guān)機起到輸出電壓低于4.75V為止的時間,一般值為17ms或20ms以上,以避免電力公司供電中于少了半周或一周之狀況下而受影響。 8. 其它 在電源具備一些特定保護(hù)功能的前提下,還需要進(jìn)行保護(hù)功能測試,如過電壓保護(hù)(OVP)測試、短路保護(hù)測試、過功保護(hù)等
標(biāo)簽: 模塊電源 參數(shù) 指標(biāo) 測試方法
上傳時間: 2013-10-22
上傳用戶:zouxinwang
Abstract: This application note illustrates an intermediate 8V switching power supply for an automotive radio and infotainment system.The design withstands the complete automotive input voltage range (including cold crank and load dump conditions), assuring a stable8V supply for common subsystems such as a CD driver, LCDs, and a radio module in modern infotainment systems. To avoiddisturbance in the AM and FM bands, the switching power supply runs at a fixed frequency of 2MHz, enabling an ideal solution forradio systems.
標(biāo)簽: 汽車無線電 信息娛樂系統(tǒng) 開關(guān)電源
上傳時間: 2013-11-20
上傳用戶:feitian920
Abstract: This document details the Oceanside (MAXREFDES9#) subsystem reference design, a 3.3V to 15V input,±15V (±12V) output, isolated power supply. The Oceanside design includes a high-efficiency step-up controller, a36V H-bridge transformer driver for isolated supplies, a wide input range, and adjustable output low-dropout linearregulator (LDO). Test results and hardware files are included.
上傳時間: 2013-10-12
上傳用戶:jinyao
交流瓦特/瓦特小時,乏爾/乏爾小時轉(zhuǎn)換器 特點: 精確度0.25%滿刻度 多種輸入,輸出選擇 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓2仟伏特/1分鐘 沖擊電壓測試5仟伏特(1.2x50us) 突波電壓測試2.5仟伏特(0.25ms/1MHz) (IEC255-4) 尺寸小,穩(wěn)定性高 主要規(guī)格: 精確度: 0.25% F.S. (23 ±5℃) 輸入負(fù)載: <0.2VA (Voltage) <0.2VA (Current) 最大過載能力: Current related input:3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. ,25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input:maximum 2 x rated continuous 輸出反應(yīng)速度: < 250ms(0~90%) 輸出負(fù)載能力: < 10mA for voltage mode < 10V for current mode 輸出之漣波 : < 0.1% F.S. 脈波輸出型態(tài): Photocouple of open collector (max.30V/40mA) 歸零調(diào)整范圍: 0~±5% F.S. 最大值調(diào)整范圍: 0~±10% F.S. 溫度系數(shù): 100ppm/℃ (0~50℃) 隔離特性: Input/Output/Power/Case 絕緣阻抗: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power/case) 突波測試: ANSI C37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 5KV(1.2x50us) 使用環(huán)境條件: -20~60℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: -30~70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認(rèn)證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
標(biāo)簽: 瓦特 交流 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時間: 2013-11-11
上傳用戶:wettetw
特點(FEATURES) 精確度0.1%滿刻度(Accuracy 0.1%F.S.) 多種輸入輸出選擇(Wide selection of input/output range) 三線式接線自動補償線路阻抗效應(yīng)(3 wire configuration automatically compensate line resistance effects) 寬范圍交直流兩用電源設(shè)計(Wide input range for auxiliary power) 尺寸小,穩(wěn)定性高(Dimension small & High stability)
上傳時間: 2013-10-17
上傳用戶:Huge_Brother
特點(FEATURES) 精確度0.1%滿刻度(Accuracy 0.1%F.S.) 寬輸入范圍200ohm 至 50Kohm(Wide inpuet ranges from 200ohm to 50Kohm) 多種輸入輸出選擇(Wide selection of input/output range) 輸入與輸出1/輸出2絕緣耐壓 2仟伏特/1分鐘(Dielectric strength 2KVac/1min.(input/output1/output2)) 寬范圍交直流兩用電源設(shè)計(Wide input range for auxiliary power) 尺寸小,穩(wěn)定性高(Dimension small & High stability)
上傳時間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:sardinescn
蟲蟲下載站版權(quán)所有 京ICP備2021023401號-1