This application note describes how to build a system that can be used for determining theoptimal phase shift for a Double Data Rate (DDR) Memory feedback clock. In this system, theDDR Memory is controlled by a controller that attaches to either the OPB or PLB and is used inan embedded microprocessor application. This reference system also uses a DCM that isconfigured so that the phase of its output clock can be changed while the system is running anda GPIO core that controls that phase shift. The GPIO output is controlled by a softwareapplication that can be run on a PowerPC® 405 or Microblaze™ microprocessor.
上傳時間: 2014-11-26
上傳用戶:erkuizhang
The Virtex-4 features, such as the programmable IDELAY and built-in FIFO support, simplifythe bridging of a high-speed, PCI-X core to large amounts of DDR-SDRAM Memory. Onechallenge is meeting the PCI-X target initial latency specification. PCI-X Protocol Addendum tothe PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.0a ([Ref 6]) dictates that when a target signals adata transfer, "the target must do so within 16 clocks of the assertion of FRAME#." PCItermination transactions, such as Split Response/Complete, are commonly used to meet thelatency specifications. This method adds complexity to the design, as well as additional systemlatency. Another solution is to increase the ratio of the Memory frequency to the PCI-X busfrequency. However, this solution increases the required power and clock resource usage.
上傳時間: 2013-11-24
上傳用戶:18707733937
This application note covers the design considerations of a system using the performance features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F MAX and area optimizations in certain portions of the design. The design uses five AXI video direct Memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move 10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display (OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board. Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM Memory and are controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor. The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
上傳時間: 2013-11-23
上傳用戶:shen_dafa
信號完整性問題是高速PCB 設計者必需面對的問題。阻抗匹配、合理端接、正確拓撲結構解決信號完整性問題的關鍵。傳輸線上信號的傳輸速度是有限的,信號線的布線長度產生的信號傳輸延時會對信號的時序關系產生影響,所以PCB 上的高速信號的長度以及延時要仔細計算和分析。運用信號完整性分析工具進行布線前后的仿真對于保證信號完整性和縮短設計周期是非常必要的。在PCB 板子已焊接加工完畢后才發現信號質量問題和時序問題,是經費和產品研制時間的浪費。1.1 板上高速信號分析我們設計的是基于PowerPC 的主板,主要由處理器MPC755、北橋MPC107、北橋PowerSpanII、VME 橋CA91C142B 等一些電路組成,上面的高速信號如圖2-1 所示。板上高速信號主要包括:時鐘信號、60X 總線信號、L2 Cache 接口信號、Memory 接口信號、PCI 總線0 信號、PCI 總線1 信號、VME 總線信號。這些信號的布線需要特別注意。由于高速信號較多,布線前后對信號進行了仿真分析,仿真工具采用Mentor 公司的Hyperlynx7.1 仿真軟件,它可以進行布線前仿真和布線后仿真。
上傳時間: 2013-11-17
上傳用戶:sqq
Hyperlynx仿真應用:阻抗匹配.下面以一個電路設計為例,簡單介紹一下PCB仿真軟件在設計中的使用。下面是一個DSP硬件電路部分元件位置關系(原理圖和PCB使用PROTEL99SE設計),其中DRAM作為DSP的擴展Memory(64位寬度,低8bit還經過3245接到FLASH和其它芯片),DRAM時鐘頻率133M。因為頻率較高,設計過程中我們需要考慮DRAM的數據、地址和控制線是否需加串阻。下面,我們以數據線D0仿真為例看是否需要加串阻。模型建立首先需要在元件公司網站下載各器件IBIS模型。然后打開Hyperlynx,新建LineSim File(線路仿真—主要用于PCB前仿真驗證)新建好的線路仿真文件里可以看到一些虛線勾出的傳輸線、芯片腳、始端串阻和上下拉終端匹配電阻等。下面,我們開始導入主芯片DSP的數據線D0腳模型。左鍵點芯片管腳處的標志,出現未知管腳,然后再按下圖的紅線所示線路選取芯片IBIS模型中的對應管腳。 3http://bbs.elecfans.com/ 電子技術論壇 http://www.elecfans.com 電子發燒友點OK后退到“ASSIGN Models”界面。選管腳為“Output”類型。這樣,一樣管腳的配置就完成了。同樣將DRAM的數據線對應管腳和3245的對應管腳IBIS模型加上(DSP輸出,3245高阻,DRAM輸入)。下面我們開始建立傳輸線模型。左鍵點DSP芯片腳相連的傳輸線,增添傳輸線,然后右鍵編輯屬性。因為我們使用四層板,在表層走線,所以要選用“Microstrip”,然后點“Value”進行屬性編輯。這里,我們要編輯一些PCB的屬性,布線長度、寬度和層間距等,屬性編輯界面如下:再將其它傳輸線也添加上。這就是沒有加阻抗匹配的仿真模型(PCB最遠直線間距1.4inch,對線長為1.7inch)?,F在模型就建立好了。仿真及分析下面我們就要為各點加示波器探頭了,按照下圖紅線所示路徑為各測試點增加探頭:為發現更多的信息,我們使用眼圖觀察。因為時鐘是133M,數據單沿采樣,數據翻轉最高頻率為66.7M,對應位寬為7.58ns。所以設置參數如下:之后按照芯片手冊制作眼圖模板。因為我們最關心的是接收端(DRAM)信號,所以模板也按照DRAM芯片HY57V283220手冊的輸入需求設計。芯片手冊中要求輸入高電平VIH高于2.0V,輸入低電平VIL低于0.8V。DRAM芯片的一個NOTE里指出,芯片可以承受最高5.6V,最低-2.0V信號(不長于3ns):按下邊紅線路徑配置眼圖模板:低8位數據線沒有串阻可以滿足設計要求,而其他的56位都是一對一,經過仿真沒有串阻也能通過。于是數據線不加串阻可以滿足設計要求,但有一點需注意,就是寫數據時因為存在回沖,DRAM接收高電平在位中間會回沖到2V。因此會導致電平判決裕量較小,抗干擾能力差一些,如果調試過程中發現寫RAM會出錯,還需要改版加串阻。
上傳時間: 2013-12-17
上傳用戶:debuchangshi
微電腦型RS-485顯示電表(24*48mm/48*96mm) 特點: 5位數RS-485顯示電表 顯示范圍-19999-99999位數 通訊協議Modbus RTU模式 寬范圍交直流兩用電源設計 尺寸小,穩定性高 主要規格: 顯示范圍:-19999~99999 digit RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF" RS-485通訊協議: Modbus RTU mode 顯示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm (0.4") (MMX-RS-11X) Red high efficiency LEDs high 20.32 mm (0.8") (MMX-RS-12X) Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm (0.4")x2 (MMX-RS-22X) 參數設定方式: Touch switches 記憶方式: Non-volatile E²PROM Memory 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/power) 使用環境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時間: 2015-01-03
上傳用戶:feitian920
微電腦型單相交流集合式電表(單相二線系統) 特點: 精確度0.25%滿刻度±1位數 可同時量測與顯示交流電壓,電流,頻率,瓦特,(功率因數/視在功率) 交流電壓,電流,瓦特皆為真正有效值(TRMS) 交流電流,瓦特之小數點可任意設定 瓦特單位W或KW可任意設定 CT比可任意設定(1至999) 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓 2仟伏特/1分鐘( 突波測試強度4仟伏特(1.2x50us) 數位RS-485界面 (Optional) 主要規格: 精確度: 0.1% F.S.±1 digit (Frequency) 0.25% F.S.±1 digit(ACA,ACV,Watt,VA) 0.25% F.S. ±0.25o(Power Factor) (-.300~+.300) 輸入負載: <0.2VA (Voltage) <0.2VA (Current) 最大過載能力: Current related input: 3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. 25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input: maximum 2 x rated continuous 過載顯示: "doFL" 顯示值范圍: 0~600.0V(Voltage) 0~999.9Hz(Frequency)(<20% for voltage input) 0~19999 digit adjustable(Current,Watt,VA) 取樣時間: 2 cycles/sec. RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF" RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通信協議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數: 100ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數設定方式: Touch switches 記憶型式: Non-volatile E²PROM Memory 絕緣抗阻: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power) 1600 Vdc (input/output) 突波測試: ANSI c37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 4KV(1.2x50us) 使用環境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時間: 2015-01-03
上傳用戶:幾何公差
集合式直流電能表(小功率的) 特點: 精確度0.05%滿刻度±1位數 可同時量測與顯示/直流電壓/電流/瓦特(千瓦)/瓦特小時(千瓦小時) 電壓輸入(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V)自動變檔功能 顯示范圍0-9999(電流/瓦特/千瓦),0至99999999(八位數瓦特小時)可任意規劃 數位RS-485 界面 (Optional) 主要規格: 輔助電源消耗功率:<0.35VA(DC12V/DC24V) <0.5VA(DC48V) <1.5VA(AC90-240V(50/60Hz)) 精確度: 0.05% F.S. ±1 digit (23 ±5℃) 輸入范圍:Auto range(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V(DC voltage)) 輸入抗阻:>5MΩ(DC voltage) 取樣時間:10 cycles/second(total) 過載顯示: " doFL " 顯示值范圍: 0-9999 digit(DCA/W(KW)) 0-9999999.999 digit(WH/(KWH)) RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF"(0-255) RS-485通信協議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數: 50ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕:Bight Red LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數設定方式: Touch switches 記憶方式: Non-volatile E²PROM Memory 絕緣耐壓能力:2KVac/1min.(input/output)(RS-485(Isolating)) 1600 Vdc (input/output) (RS-485(Isolating)) 使用環境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時間: 2013-11-20
上傳用戶:s363994250
Logger iButton devices have gained a lot of popularity with researchers. Although free evaluation software is easy to use and welldocumented, the choices and inputs that need to be made can sometimes be challenging. This application note explains technicalterms that are common with temperature logger iButtons and how they relate to each other. Additionally, it presents an algorithm tohelp users choose the necessary input parameters, including the sample rate based on a user's needs and the available Memory tostore the data.
上傳時間: 2013-11-16
上傳用戶:xywhw1
Semiconductor Memory, card readers, microprocessors,disc drives, piezoelectric devices and digitally based systemsfurnish transient loads that a voltage regulator mustservice. Ideally, regulator output is invariant during a loadtransient. In practice, some variation is encountered andbecomes problematic if allowable operating voltage tolerancesare exceeded. This mandates testing the regulatorand its associated support components to verify desiredperformance under transient loading conditions. Variousmethods are employable to generate transient loads, allowingobservation of regulator response
上傳時間: 2013-11-21
上傳用戶:semi1981