Nios II 軟件開發人員手冊中的緩存和緊耦合存儲器部分 Nios® II embedded processor cores can contain instruction and data caches. This chapter discusses cache-related issues that you need to consider to guarantee that your program executes correctly on the Nios II processor. Fortunately, most software based on the Nios II hardware abstraction layer (HAL) works correctly without any special accommodations for caches. However, some software must manage the cache directly. For code that needs direct control over the cache, the Nios II architecture provides facilities to perform the following actions:
上傳時間： 2013-10-25
上傳用戶：蟲蟲蟲蟲蟲蟲
第一步，拿到一塊PCB，首先在紙上記錄好所有元氣件的型號，參數，以及位置，尤其是二極管，三極管的方向，IC缺口的方向。最好用數碼相機拍兩張元氣件位置的照片。 第二步，拆掉所有器件，并且將PAD孔里的錫去掉。用酒精將PCB清洗干凈，然后放入掃描儀內，啟動POHTOSHOP，用彩色方式將絲印面掃入，并打印出來備用。 第三步，用水紗紙將TOP LAYER 和BOTTOM LAYER兩層輕微打磨，打磨到銅膜發亮，放入掃描儀，啟動PHOTOSHOP，用彩色方式將兩層分別掃入。注意，PCB在掃描儀內擺放一定要橫平樹直，否則掃描的圖象就無法使用，掃描儀分辨率請選為600。 需要的朋友請下載哦！
上傳時間： 2014-03-04
上傳用戶：tianming222
Today’s digital systems combine a myriad of chips with different voltage configurations.Designers must interface 2.5V processors with 3.3V memories—both RAM and ROM—as wellas 5V buses and multiple peripheral chips. Each chip has specific power supply needs. CPLDsare ideal for handling the multi-voltage interfacing, but do require forethought to ensure correctoperation.
上傳時間： 2013-11-10
上傳用戶：yy_cn
MP3 portable players are the trend in music-listening technology. These players do not includeany mechanical movements, thereby making them ideal for listening to music during any type ofactivity. MP3 is a digital compression technique based on MPEG Layer 3 which stores music ina lot less space than current CD technology. Software is readily available to create MP3 filesfrom an existing CD, and the user can then download these files into a portable MP3 player tobe enjoyed in almost any environment.
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：nanxia
第一步，拿到一塊PCB，首先在紙上記錄好所有元氣件的型號，參數，以及位置，尤其是二極管，三機管的方向，IC缺口的方向。最好用數碼相機拍兩張元氣件位置的照片。第二步，拆掉所有器件，并且將PAD孔里的錫去掉。用酒精將PCB清洗干凈，然后放入掃描儀內，啟動POHTOSHOP，用彩色方式將絲印面掃入，并打印出來備用。第三步，用水紗紙將TOP LAYER 和BOTTOM LAYER兩層輕微打磨，打磨到銅膜發亮，放入掃描儀，啟動PHOTOSHOP，用彩色方式將兩層分別掃入。注意，PCB在掃描儀內擺放一定要橫平樹直，否則掃描的圖象就無法使用。第四步，調整畫布的對比度，明暗度，使有銅膜的部分和沒有銅膜的部分對比強烈，然后將次圖轉為黑白色，檢查線條是否清晰，如果不清晰，則重復本步驟。如果清晰，將圖存為黑白BMP格式文件TOP.BMP和BOT.BMP。第五步，將兩個BMP格式的文件分別轉為PROTEL格式文件，在PROTEL中調入兩層，如過兩層的PAD和VIA的位置基本重合，表明前幾個步驟做的很好，如果有偏差，則重復第三步。第六，將TOP。BMP轉化為TOP。PCB，注意要轉化到SILK層，就是黃色的那層，然后你在TOP層描線就是了，并且根據第二步的圖紙放置器件。畫完后將SILK層刪掉。 第七步，將BOT。BMP轉化為BOT。PCB，注意要轉化到SILK層，就是黃色的那層，然后你在BOT層描線就是了。畫完后將SILK層刪掉。第八步，在PROTEL中將TOP。PCB和BOT。PCB調入，合為一個圖就OK了。第九步，用激光打印機將TOP LAYER， BOTTOM LAYER分別打印到透明膠片上（1：1的比例），把膠片放到那塊PCB上，比較一下是否有誤，如果沒錯，你就大功告成了。
上傳時間： 2013-11-24
上傳用戶：ynzfm
PCB LAYOUT 術語解釋(TERMS)1. COMPONENT SIDE(零件面、正面)︰大多數零件放置之面。2. SOLDER SIDE(焊錫面、反面)。3. SOLDER MASK(止焊膜面)︰通常指Solder Mask Open 之意。4. TOP PAD︰在零件面上所設計之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。5. BOTTOM PAD：在銲錫面上所設計之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。6. POSITIVE LAYER：單、雙層板之各層線路；多層板之上、下兩層線路及內層走線皆屬之。7. NEGATIVE LAYER：通常指多層板之電源層。8. INNER PAD：多層板之POSITIVE LAYER 內層PAD。9. ANTI-PAD：多層板之NEGATIVE LAYER 上所使用之絕緣範圍，不與零件腳相接。10. THERMAL PAD：多層板內NEGATIVE LAYER 上必須零件腳時所使用之PAD，一般稱為散熱孔或導通孔。11. PAD (銲墊)：除了SMD PAD 外，其他PAD 之TOP PAD、BOTTOM PAD 及INNER PAD 之形狀大小皆應相同。12. Moat : 不同信號的 Power& GND plane 之間的分隔線13. Grid : 佈線時的走線格點2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用ICT 測試點 LAYOUT 注意事項:PCB 的每條TRACE 都要有一個作為測試用之TEST PAD(測試點)，其原則如下：1. 一般測試點大小均為30-35mil，元件分布較密時，測試點最小可至30mil.測試點與元件PAD 的距離最小為40mil。2. 測試點與測試點間的間距最小為50-75mil，一般使用75mil。密度高時可使用50mil,3. 測試點必須均勻分佈於PCB 上，避免測試時造成板面受力不均。4. 多層板必須透過貫穿孔(VIA)將測試點留於錫爐著錫面上(Solder Side)。5. 測試點必需放至於Bottom Layer6. 輸出test point report(.asc 檔案powerpcb v3.5)供廠商分析可測率7. 測試點設置處:Setuppadsstacks
上傳時間： 2013-11-17
上傳用戶：cjf0304
LAYOUT REPORT .............. 1 目錄.................. 1 1. PCB LAYOUT 術語解釋(TERMS)......... 2 2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用............ 2 3. 基準點 (光學點) -for SMD:........... 4 4. 標記 (LABEL ING)......... 5 5. VIA HOLE PAD................. 5 6. PCB Layer 排列方式...... 5 7.零件佈置注意事項 (PLACEMENT NOTES)............... 5 8. PCB LAYOUT 設計............ 6 9. Transmission Line ( 傳輸線 )..... 8 10.General Guidelines – 跨Plane.. 8 11. General Guidelines – 繞線....... 9 12. General Guidelines – Damping Resistor. 10 13. General Guidelines - RJ45 to Transformer................. 10 14. Clock Routing Guideline........... 12 15. OSC & CRYSTAL Guideline........... 12 16. CPU
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：1234xhb
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：s363994250
The data plane of the reference design consists of a configurable multi-channel XBERT modulethat generates and checks high-speed serial data transmitted and received by the MGTs. Eachchannel in the XBERT module consists of two MGTs (MGTA and MGTB), which physicallyoccupy one MGT tile in the Virtex-4 FPGA. Each MGT has its own pattern checker, but bothMGTs in a channel share the same pattern generator. Each channel can load a differentpattern. The MGT serial rate depends on the reference clock frequency and the internal PMAdivider settings. The reference design can be scaled anywhere from one channel (two MGTs)to twelve channels (twenty-four MGTs).
上傳時間： 2013-12-25
上傳用戶：jkhjkh1982
ARM通訊 H-JTAG 是一款簡單易用的的調試代理軟件，功能和流行的MULTI-ICE 類似。H-JTAG 包括兩個工具軟件：H-JTAG SERVER 和H-FLASHER。其中，H-JTAG SERVER 實現調試代理的功能，而H-FLASHER則實現了FLASH 燒寫的功能。H-JTAG 的基本結構如下圖1-1所示。 H-JTAG支持所有基于ARM7 和ARM9的芯片的調試，并且支持大多數主流的ARM調試軟件，如ADS、RVDS、IAR 和KEIL。通過靈活的接口配置，H-JTAG 可以支持WIGGLER，SDT-JTAG 和用戶自定義的各種JTAG 調試小板。同時，附帶的H-FLASHER 燒寫軟件還支持常用片內片外FLASH 的燒寫。使用H-JTAG，用戶能夠方便的搭建一個簡單易用的ARM 調試開發平臺。H-JTAG 的功能和特定總結如下： 1. 支持 RDI 1.5.0 以及 1.5.1； 2. 支持所有ARM7 以及 ARM9 芯片； 3. 支持 THUMB 以及ARM 指令； 4. 支持 LITTLE-ENDIAN 以及 BIG-ENDIAN； 5. 支持 SEMIHOSTING； 6. 支持 WIGGLER， SDT-JTAG和用戶自定義JTAG調試板； 7. 支持 WINDOWS 9.X/NT/2000/XP； 8．支持常用FLASH 芯片的編程燒寫； 9. 支持LPC2000 和AT91SAM 片內FLASH 的自動下載；
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：水中浮云
