<small id="k0giu"></small> XAPP520將符合2.5V和3.3V I/O標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的7系列FPGA高性能I/O Bank進(jìn)行連接 The I/Os in Xilinx® 7 series FPGAs are classified as either high range (HR) or high performance (HP) banks. HR I/O banks can be operated from 1.2V to 3.3V, whereas HP I/O banks are optimized for OPeration between 1.2V and 1.8V. In circumstances that require an HP 1.8V I/O bank to interface with 2.5V or 3.3V logic, a range of options can be deployed. This application note describes methodologies for interfacing 7 series HP I/O banks with 2.5V and 3.3V systems
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
a8259 可編程中斷控制 altera提供 The a8259 is designed to simplify the implementation of the interrupt interface in 8088 and 8086 based microcomputer systems. The device is known as a programmable interrupt controller. The a8259 receives and prioritizes up to 8 interrupts, and in the cascade mode, this can be expanded up to 64 interrupts. An asynchronous reset and a clock input have been added to improve OPeration and reliability.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-11-29
上傳用戶：zhyiroy
8051參考設(shè)計(jì)，與其他8051的免費(fèi)IP相比，文檔相對(duì)較全，Oregano System 提供 This is version 1.3 of the MC8051 IP core. September 2002: Oregano Systems - Design & Consulting GesmbH Change history: - Improved tb_mc8051_siu_sim.vhd to verify duplex OPeration. - Corrected problem with duplex OPeration in file mc8051_siu_rtl.vhd
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：tb_6877751
很多不同的廠家生產(chǎn)各種型號(hào)的計(jì)算機(jī)，它們運(yùn)行完全不同的操作系統(tǒng)，但TCP.IP協(xié)議族允許它們互相進(jìn)行通信。這一點(diǎn)很讓人感到吃驚，因?yàn)樗淖饔靡堰h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了起初的設(shè)想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國(guó)政府資助的一個(gè)分組交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究項(xiàng)目，到9 0年代已發(fā)展成為計(jì)算機(jī)之間最常應(yīng)用的組網(wǎng)形式。它是一個(gè)真正的開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)閰f(xié)議族的定義及其多種實(shí)現(xiàn)可以不用花錢(qián)或花很少的錢(qián)就可以公開(kāi)地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”或“因特網(wǎng)(Internet)”的基礎(chǔ)，該廣域網(wǎng)（WA N）已包含超過(guò)1 0 0萬(wàn)臺(tái)遍布世界各地的計(jì)算機(jī)。本章主要對(duì)T C P / I P協(xié)議族進(jìn)行概述，其目的是為本書(shū)其余章節(jié)提供充分的背景知識(shí)。 TCP.IP協(xié)議 縮略語(yǔ) ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認(rèn)標(biāo)志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應(yīng)用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協(xié)議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國(guó))國(guó)防部遠(yuǎn)景研究規(guī)劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統(tǒng) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語(yǔ)法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規(guī)則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導(dǎo)程序協(xié)議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過(guò)濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無(wú)類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無(wú)連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環(huán)冗余檢驗(yàn) CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽(tīng)多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數(shù)據(jù)電路端接設(shè)備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國(guó)防數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標(biāo)志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統(tǒng) DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務(wù)訪問(wèn)點(diǎn) DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數(shù)字用戶線接入復(fù)用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴(kuò)頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時(shí)間服務(wù) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協(xié)議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網(wǎng) EOL (End of Option List) 選項(xiàng)清單結(jié)束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國(guó)電子工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì) FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗(yàn)序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進(jìn)先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結(jié)束標(biāo)志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協(xié)議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協(xié)議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結(jié)構(gòu)委員會(huì) IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號(hào)分配機(jī)構(gòu) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報(bào)文協(xié)議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協(xié)議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) （美國(guó)）電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會(huì) IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗(yàn)注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導(dǎo)小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門(mén)小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協(xié)議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報(bào)文存取協(xié)議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門(mén)小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統(tǒng)到中間系統(tǒng)協(xié)議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號(hào) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協(xié)會(huì) LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網(wǎng) LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協(xié)議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長(zhǎng)肥網(wǎng)絡(luò) LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進(jìn)先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網(wǎng) MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫(kù) MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網(wǎng) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴(kuò)充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報(bào)文段最大生存時(shí)間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報(bào)文段長(zhǎng)度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報(bào)文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制協(xié)議 NFS (Network File System) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng) NIC (Network Information Center) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口栓（S u n公司的一個(gè)程序） NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳送協(xié)議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國(guó)家光學(xué)天文臺(tái) NOP (No OPeration) 無(wú)操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國(guó)家科學(xué)基金網(wǎng)絡(luò) NSI (NASA Science Internet) （美國(guó)）國(guó)家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間協(xié)議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開(kāi)放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開(kāi)放最短通路優(yōu)先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號(hào) PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統(tǒng)接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)協(xié)議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標(biāo)志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協(xié)議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔，其中的少部分成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協(xié)議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠(yuǎn)程過(guò)程調(diào)用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復(fù)位標(biāo)志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時(shí) RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時(shí)間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認(rèn) SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協(xié)議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結(jié)構(gòu) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單郵件傳送協(xié)議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務(wù)訪問(wèn)點(diǎn) SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴(yán)格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號(hào)標(biāo)志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協(xié)議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單文件傳送協(xié)議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運(yùn)輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時(shí)間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長(zhǎng)地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠(yuǎn)程終端協(xié)議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標(biāo)志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協(xié)調(diào)的統(tǒng)一時(shí)間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復(fù)制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網(wǎng) WWW (World Wide Web) 萬(wàn)維網(wǎng) XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數(shù)據(jù)表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運(yùn)輸層接口
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：tdyoung
嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一種應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛的系統(tǒng)。可以說(shuō)除了桌面計(jì)算機(jī)和服務(wù)器外所有計(jì)算設(shè)備都屬于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，例如從便攜式音樂(lè)播放器到航天飛機(jī)上的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)控制都屬于嵌入式系統(tǒng)。 大多數(shù)商用的嵌入式系統(tǒng)都設(shè)計(jì)成專用任務(wù)的低成本的產(chǎn)品。大多數(shù)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)都具有實(shí)時(shí)性的要求。有些功能需要非常快的主頻，但其他大多數(shù)功能并不需要高速的處理能力。這些系統(tǒng)通過(guò)特定的器件和軟件來(lái)滿足實(shí)時(shí)性的要求。 簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)速度和成本來(lái)定義嵌入式系統(tǒng)是困難的，但對(duì)于大批量的產(chǎn)品而言，成本常常對(duì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)起決定作用。通常，一個(gè)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的很多部分相對(duì)系統(tǒng)主要功能來(lái)說(shuō)需要較低的性能，因此嵌入式系統(tǒng)和通用PC相比，能夠使用一個(gè)滿足輔助功能的合適的CPU，從而簡(jiǎn)化了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，降低了成本。例如，數(shù)字電視的機(jī)頂盒需要處理每秒以百萬(wàn)兆位計(jì)的連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)處理大部分是由定制的硬件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，如解析、管理和編解碼多個(gè)頻道的數(shù)字影像。 對(duì)于大批量生產(chǎn)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)，如便攜式音樂(lè)播放器或手機(jī)等，降低成本就成為最主要的問(wèn)題。這些系統(tǒng)通常只具有幾個(gè)芯片：一個(gè)高度集成的CPU，一個(gè)定制的芯片用于控制其他所有的功能，還有一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)芯片。在這種設(shè)計(jì)中，每部分都設(shè)計(jì)成使用最小的系統(tǒng)功耗。 對(duì)于小批量的嵌入式應(yīng)用，為了降低開(kāi)發(fā)成本，常常使用PC體系結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)限制程序的執(zhí)行時(shí)間或用一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)來(lái)替換原先的操作系統(tǒng)。在這種情況下，可以使用一個(gè)或多個(gè)高性能的CPU來(lái)替換特殊用途的硬件。 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的軟件通常運(yùn)行在有限的硬件資源上：沒(méi)有硬盤(pán)、操作系統(tǒng)、鍵盤(pán)或屏幕。軟件一般都沒(méi)有文件系統(tǒng)，如果有的話，也會(huì)采用Flash驅(qū)動(dòng)器。如果有人機(jī)交互接口的話，也是一個(gè)小鍵盤(pán)或液晶顯示器。硬件是計(jì)算機(jī)的物理部分，和存儲(chǔ)在硬件中的計(jì)算機(jī)軟件程序和數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。 嵌入到機(jī)械中的嵌入式系統(tǒng)需要長(zhǎng)期無(wú)故障連續(xù)運(yùn)行，因此它的軟件需要比PC中的軟件更加仔細(xì)地開(kāi)發(fā)和更加嚴(yán)格地測(cè)試。 那么，到底什么是嵌入式系統(tǒng)呢？ 根據(jù)IEEE（國(guó)際電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì)）的定義，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是“控制、監(jiān)視或者輔助設(shè)備、機(jī)器和車間運(yùn)行的裝置”（原文為devices used to control，monitor，or assist the OPeration of equipment，machinery or plants）。這主要是從應(yīng)用上加以定義的，從中可以看出嵌入式系統(tǒng)是軟件和硬件的綜合體，還可以涵蓋機(jī)械等附屬裝置。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)一個(gè)普遍被認(rèn)同的定義是：以應(yīng)用為中心、以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，軟件 硬件可裁剪，適應(yīng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)對(duì)功能、可靠性、成本、體積、功耗嚴(yán)格要求的專用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。 可以這樣認(rèn)為，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一種專用的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，作為裝置或設(shè)備的一部分。通常，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)控制程序存儲(chǔ)在ROM中的嵌入式處理器控制板。事實(shí)上，所有帶有數(shù)字接口的設(shè)備，如手表、微波爐、錄像機(jī)、汽車等，都使用嵌入式系統(tǒng)，有些嵌入式系統(tǒng)還包含操作系統(tǒng)，但大多數(shù)嵌入式系統(tǒng)都是由單個(gè)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)整個(gè)控制邏輯。 本書(shū)是按照人事部、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部全國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與軟件專業(yè)技術(shù)資格（水平）考試要求編寫(xiě)，內(nèi)容緊扣《嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)考試大鋼》。全書(shū)共六章，分別對(duì)嵌入式系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、嵌入式微處理器與接口設(shè)計(jì)、嵌入式軟件與操作系統(tǒng)、嵌入式軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)、嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與維護(hù)等知識(shí)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的講解。最后介紹了一個(gè)典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)案例。 本書(shū)內(nèi)容豐富，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，概念清晰。既可作為全國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與軟件專業(yè)技術(shù)資格（水平）考試中嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)師級(jí)別的考試用書(shū)，供有關(guān)考生學(xué)習(xí)使用，也可作為本科生嵌入式系統(tǒng)相關(guān)課程教材或培訓(xùn)書(shū)使用。
標(biāo)簽： 嵌入式 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)師 教程
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：dongqiangqiang
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer OPerations. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be OPerational when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed OPeration. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download OPerations.The bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kbit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical bit rate of83 kbit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：s藍(lán)莓汁
The CC1101 is a low-cost sub- 1 GHztransceiver designed for very low-powerwireless applications. The circuit is mainlyintended for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific andMedical) and SRD (Short Range Device)frequency bands at 315, 433, 868, and 915MHz, but can easily be programmed forOPeration at other frequencies in the 300-348MHz, 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz bands.CC1101 is an improved and code compatibleversion of the CC1100 RF transceiver. Themain improvements on the CC1101 include:
標(biāo)簽： 1110 CC 片上系統(tǒng) 方案
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：363186
We offer a broad line of high performance low dropout (LDO) linear regulators with fasttransient response, excellent line and load regulation, and very wide input voltage rangefrom 0.9V to 100V. Output currents range from 20mA to 10A, with positive, negative andmultiple output versions available. Many devices offer output voltage OPeration <0.8V andsome feature OPeration as low as 0V, even with a single supply. Most are stable with ceramicoutput capacitors. LDO regulators can be applied in virtually any application.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：努力努力再努力
Abstract: This application note illustrates the flexibility of the MAX7060 ASK/FSK transmitter. While the currently available evaluationkit (EV kit) has been optimized for the device's use in a specific frequency band (i.e., 288MHz to 390MHz), this document addresseshow the EV kit circuitry can be modified for improved OPeration at 433.92MHz, a frequency commonly used in Europe. Twoalternative match and filter configurations are presented: one for optimizing drain efficiency, the other for achieving higher transmitpower. Features and capabilities of earlier Maxim industrial, scientific, and medical radio-frequency (ISM-RF) transmitters areprovided, allowing comparison of the MAX7060 to its predecessors. Several design guidelines and cautions for using the MAX7060are discussed.
標(biāo)簽： ASK_FSK 7060 MAX ISM
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：swaylong
Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of OPerationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode OPeration, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of OPeration.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
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