XAPP520將符合2.5V和3.3V I/O標準的7系列FPGA高性能I/O Bank進行連接 The I/Os in Xilinx® 7 series FPGAs are classified as either high range (HR) or high performance (HP) banks. HR I/O banks can be operated from 1.2V to 3.3V, whereas HP I/O banks are optimized for OPeration between 1.2V and 1.8V. In circumstances that require an HP 1.8V I/O bank to interface with 2.5V or 3.3V logic, a range of options can be deployed. This application note describes methodologies for interfacing 7 series HP I/O banks with 2.5V and 3.3V systems
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
a8259 可編程中斷控制 altera提供 The a8259 is designed to simplify the implementation of the interrupt interface in 8088 and 8086 based microcomputer systems. The device is known as a programmable interrupt controller. The a8259 receives and prioritizes up to 8 interrupts, and in the cascade mode, this can be expanded up to 64 interrupts. An asynchronous reset and a clock input have been added to improve OPeration and reliability.
上傳時間： 2014-11-29
上傳用戶：zhyiroy
8051參考設(shè)計，與其他8051的免費IP相比，文檔相對較全，Oregano System 提供 This is version 1.3 of the MC8051 IP core. September 2002: Oregano Systems - Design & Consulting GesmbH Change history: - Improved tb_mc8051_siu_sim.vhd to verify duplex OPeration. - Corrected problem with duplex OPeration in file mc8051_siu_rtl.vhd
上傳時間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：tb_6877751
很多不同的廠家生產(chǎn)各種型號的計算機，它們運行完全不同的操作系統(tǒng)，但TCP.IP協(xié)議族允許它們互相進行通信。這一點很讓人感到吃驚，因為它的作用已遠遠超出了起初的設(shè)想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個分組交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究項目，到9 0年代已發(fā)展成為計算機之間最常應(yīng)用的組網(wǎng)形式。它是一個真正的開放系統(tǒng)，因為協(xié)議族的定義及其多種實現(xiàn)可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”或“因特網(wǎng)(Internet)”的基礎(chǔ)，該廣域網(wǎng)（WA N）已包含超過1 0 0萬臺遍布世界各地的計算機。本章主要對T C P / I P協(xié)議族進行概述，其目的是為本書其余章節(jié)提供充分的背景知識。 TCP.IP協(xié)議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認標志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應(yīng)用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協(xié)議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠景研究規(guī)劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統(tǒng) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標準碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規(guī)則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導(dǎo)程序協(xié)議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環(huán)冗余檢驗 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數(shù)據(jù)電路端接設(shè)備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態(tài)主機配置協(xié)議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統(tǒng) DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務(wù)訪問點 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數(shù)字用戶線接入復(fù)用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時間服務(wù) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協(xié)議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網(wǎng) EOL (End of Option List) 選項清單結(jié)束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業(yè)協(xié)會 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結(jié)束標志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協(xié)議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協(xié)議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結(jié)構(gòu)委員會 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號分配機構(gòu) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報文協(xié)議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協(xié)議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) （美國）電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導(dǎo)小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協(xié)議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報文存取協(xié)議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統(tǒng)到中間系統(tǒng)協(xié)議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標準化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協(xié)會 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網(wǎng) LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協(xié)議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長肥網(wǎng)絡(luò) LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網(wǎng) MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網(wǎng) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報文段最大生存時間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報文段長度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制協(xié)議 NFS (Network File System) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng) NIC (Network Information Center) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口栓（S u n公司的一個程序） NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳送協(xié)議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學(xué)天文臺 NOP (No OPeration) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學(xué)基金網(wǎng)絡(luò) NSI (NASA Science Internet) （美國）國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時間協(xié)議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統(tǒng)互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優(yōu)先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統(tǒng)接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點對點協(xié)議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協(xié)議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔，其中的少部分成為標準文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協(xié)議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠程過程調(diào)用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復(fù)位標志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協(xié)議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結(jié)構(gòu) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡單郵件傳送協(xié)議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務(wù)訪問點 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號標志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協(xié)議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡單文件傳送協(xié)議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠程終端協(xié)議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協(xié)調(diào)的統(tǒng)一時間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復(fù)制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網(wǎng) WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網(wǎng) XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數(shù)據(jù)表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務(wù)標識符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運輸層接口
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：tdyoung
嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一種應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛的系統(tǒng)?？梢哉f除了桌面計算機和服務(wù)器外所有計算設(shè)備都屬于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，例如從便攜式音樂播放器到航天飛機上的實時系統(tǒng)控制都屬于嵌入式系統(tǒng)。 大多數(shù)商用的嵌入式系統(tǒng)都設(shè)計成專用任務(wù)的低成本的產(chǎn)品。大多數(shù)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)都具有實時性的要求。有些功能需要非常快的主頻，但其他大多數(shù)功能并不需要高速的處理能力。這些系統(tǒng)通過特定的器件和軟件來滿足實時性的要求。 簡單地通過速度和成本來定義嵌入式系統(tǒng)是困難的，但對于大批量的產(chǎn)品而言，成本常常對系統(tǒng)設(shè)計起決定作用。通常，一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)的很多部分相對系統(tǒng)主要功能來說需要較低的性能，因此嵌入式系統(tǒng)和通用PC相比，能夠使用一個滿足輔助功能的合適的CPU，從而簡化了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，降低了成本。例如，數(shù)字電視的機頂盒需要處理每秒以百萬兆位計的連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)處理大部分是由定制的硬件來實現(xiàn)的，如解析、管理和編解碼多個頻道的數(shù)字影像。 對于大批量生產(chǎn)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)，如便攜式音樂播放器或手機等，降低成本就成為最主要的問題。這些系統(tǒng)通常只具有幾個芯片：一個高度集成的CPU，一個定制的芯片用于控制其他所有的功能，還有一個存儲芯片。在這種設(shè)計中，每部分都設(shè)計成使用最小的系統(tǒng)功耗。 對于小批量的嵌入式應(yīng)用，為了降低開發(fā)成本，常常使用PC體系結(jié)構(gòu)，通過限制程序的執(zhí)行時間或用一個實時操作系統(tǒng)來替換原先的操作系統(tǒng)。在這種情況下，可以使用一個或多個高性能的CPU來替換特殊用途的硬件。 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的軟件通常運行在有限的硬件資源上：沒有硬盤、操作系統(tǒng)、鍵盤或屏幕。軟件一般都沒有文件系統(tǒng)，如果有的話，也會采用Flash驅(qū)動器。如果有人機交互接口的話，也是一個小鍵盤或液晶顯示器。硬件是計算機的物理部分，和存儲在硬件中的計算機軟件程序和數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分開來。 嵌入到機械中的嵌入式系統(tǒng)需要長期無故障連續(xù)運行，因此它的軟件需要比PC中的軟件更加仔細地開發(fā)和更加嚴格地測試。 那么，到底什么是嵌入式系統(tǒng)呢？ 根據(jù)IEEE（國際電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會）的定義，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是“控制、監(jiān)視或者輔助設(shè)備、機器和車間運行的裝置”（原文為devices used to control，monitor，or assist the OPeration of equipment，machinery or plants）。這主要是從應(yīng)用上加以定義的，從中可以看出嵌入式系統(tǒng)是軟件和硬件的綜合體，還可以涵蓋機械等附屬裝置。 目前國內(nèi)一個普遍被認同的定義是：以應(yīng)用為中心、以計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，軟件 硬件可裁剪，適應(yīng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)對功能、可靠性、成本、體積、功耗嚴格要求的專用計算機系統(tǒng)。 可以這樣認為，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一種專用的計算機系統(tǒng)，作為裝置或設(shè)備的一部分。通常，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一個控制程序存儲在ROM中的嵌入式處理器控制板。事實上，所有帶有數(shù)字接口的設(shè)備，如手表、微波爐、錄像機、汽車等，都使用嵌入式系統(tǒng)，有些嵌入式系統(tǒng)還包含操作系統(tǒng)，但大多數(shù)嵌入式系統(tǒng)都是由單個程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)整個控制邏輯。 本書是按照人事部、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部全國計算機技術(shù)與軟件專業(yè)技術(shù)資格（水平）考試要求編寫，內(nèi)容緊扣《嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計考試大鋼》。全書共六章，分別對嵌入式系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)知識、嵌入式微處理器與接口設(shè)計、嵌入式軟件與操作系統(tǒng)、嵌入式軟件程序設(shè)計、嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與維護等知識進行了詳細的講解。最后介紹了一個典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計案例。 本書內(nèi)容豐富，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，概念清晰。既可作為全國計算機技術(shù)與軟件專業(yè)技術(shù)資格（水平）考試中嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計師級別的考試用書，供有關(guān)考生學(xué)習(xí)使用，也可作為本科生嵌入式系統(tǒng)相關(guān)課程教材或培訓(xùn)書使用。
標簽： 嵌入式 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計師 教程
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：dongqiangqiang
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer OPerations. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be OPerational when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed OPeration. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download OPerations.The bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kbit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical bit rate of83 kbit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
上傳時間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：s藍莓汁
The CC1101 is a low-cost sub- 1 GHztransceiver designed for very low-powerwireless applications. The circuit is mainlyintended for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific andMedical) and SRD (Short Range Device)frequency bands at 315, 433, 868, and 915MHz, but can easily be programmed forOPeration at other frequencies in the 300-348MHz, 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz bands.CC1101 is an improved and code compatibleversion of the CC1100 RF transceiver. Themain improvements on the CC1101 include:
標簽： 1110 CC 片上系統(tǒng) 方案
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：363186
We offer a broad line of high performance low dropout (LDO) linear regulators with fasttransient response, excellent line and load regulation, and very wide input voltage rangefrom 0.9V to 100V. Output currents range from 20mA to 10A, with positive, negative andmultiple output versions available. Many devices offer output voltage OPeration <0.8V andsome feature OPeration as low as 0V, even with a single supply. Most are stable with ceramicoutput capacitors. LDO regulators can be applied in virtually any application.
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：努力努力再努力
Abstract: This application note illustrates the flexibility of the MAX7060 ASK/FSK transmitter. While the currently available evaluationkit (EV kit) has been optimized for the device's use in a specific frequency band (i.e., 288MHz to 390MHz), this document addresseshow the EV kit circuitry can be modified for improved OPeration at 433.92MHz, a frequency commonly used in Europe. Twoalternative match and filter configurations are presented: one for optimizing drain efficiency, the other for achieving higher transmitpower. Features and capabilities of earlier Maxim industrial, scientific, and medical radio-frequency (ISM-RF) transmitters areprovided, allowing comparison of the MAX7060 to its predecessors. Several design guidelines and cautions for using the MAX7060are discussed.
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：swaylong
Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of OPerationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode OPeration, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of OPeration.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上傳時間： 2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
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