信息化社會(huì)的到來(lái)以及IP技術(shù)的興起，正深刻的改變著電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的面貌以及未來(lái)技術(shù)發(fā)展的走向。無(wú)線(xiàn)通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展為實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化社區(qū)提供了有力的保證。而視頻通信則成為多媒體業(yè)務(wù)的核心。如何在環(huán)境惡劣的無(wú)線(xiàn)環(huán)境中，實(shí)時(shí)傳輸高質(zhì)量的視頻面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，因此這也成為人們的研究熱點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于無(wú)線(xiàn)移動(dòng)信道來(lái)說(shuō)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可用帶寬是有限的。由于多徑、衰落、時(shí)延擴(kuò)展、噪聲影響和信道干擾等原因，無(wú)線(xiàn)移動(dòng)通信不僅具有帶寬波動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)，而且信道誤碼率高，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)連續(xù)的、突發(fā)性的傳輸錯(cuò)誤。無(wú)線(xiàn)信道可用帶寬與傳輸速率的時(shí)變特性，使得傳輸?shù)目煽啃源鬄榻档汀?視頻播放具有嚴(yán)格的實(shí)時(shí)性要求，這就要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)為視頻的傳輸提供足夠的帶寬.有保障的延時(shí)和誤碼率。為了獲得可接受的重建視頻質(zhì)量，視頻傳輸至少需要28Kbps左右的帶寬。而且視頻傳輸對(duì)時(shí)延非常敏感。然而無(wú)線(xiàn)移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)卻無(wú)法提供可靠的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。 基于無(wú)線(xiàn)視頻通信面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，本文在對(duì)新一代視頻編碼國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)H.264/AVC研究的基礎(chǔ)上，主要在提高其編碼效率和H.264的無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸抗誤碼性能，以及如何在嵌入式環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)H.264解碼器進(jìn)行了研究。 結(jié)合低碼率和幀內(nèi)刷新，提出一種針對(duì)感興趣區(qū)的可變幀內(nèi)刷新方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該方法可以使用較少的碼率對(duì)感興趣區(qū)域進(jìn)行更好的錯(cuò)誤控制，以提高區(qū)域圖像質(zhì)量，同時(shí)能根據(jù)感興趣區(qū)及信道的狀況自動(dòng)調(diào)整宏塊刷新數(shù)量，充分利用有限的碼率。 為了有效的平衡編碼效率和抗誤碼能力的之間的矛盾，筆者提出了一種自適應(yīng)FMO(Flexible Macroblock Order)編碼方法，可根據(jù)圖像的復(fù)雜度自適應(yīng)地選擇編碼所需的FMO模式。仿真結(jié)果表明這種FMO編碼方式完全可行，且在運(yùn)動(dòng)復(fù)雜度頻繁變化時(shí)效果更加明顯，完全可應(yīng)用在環(huán)境惡劣的無(wú)線(xiàn)信道中。 在對(duì)嵌入式PXA270硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和X264研究的基礎(chǔ)上，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于H.264的嵌入式解碼，在PXA270基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行環(huán)境的配置，定制WirtCE操作系統(tǒng)，并編譯、產(chǎn)生開(kāi)發(fā)所用的SDK和下載內(nèi)核到目標(biāo)機(jī)。利用開(kāi)發(fā)工具EVC實(shí)現(xiàn)在PC機(jī)上的實(shí)時(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)和在線(xiàn)仿真調(diào)試，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)無(wú)差錯(cuò)H.264碼流實(shí)時(shí)解碼。
標(biāo)簽： 264 ARM 無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸 差錯(cuò)控制
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-06-18
上傳用戶(hù)：也一樣請(qǐng)求
軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電(SDR，Software Defined Radio)由于具備傳統(tǒng)無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)無(wú)可比擬的優(yōu)越性，已成為業(yè)界公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代無(wú)線(xiàn)電通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。理想的軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的開(kāi)放性和可編程性，減少靈活性著的硬件電路，把數(shù)字化處理(ADC和DAC)盡可能靠近天線(xiàn)，通過(guò)軟件的更新改變硬件的配置、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。目前，直接對(duì)射頻(RF)進(jìn)行采樣的技術(shù)尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)普及的產(chǎn)品化，而用數(shù)字變頻器在中頻進(jìn)行數(shù)字化是普遍采用的方法，其主要思想是，數(shù)字混頻器用離散化的單頻本振信號(hào)與輸入采樣信號(hào)在乘法器中相乘，再經(jīng)插值或抽取濾波，其結(jié)果是，輸入信號(hào)頻譜搬移到所需頻帶，數(shù)據(jù)速率也相應(yīng)改變，以供后續(xù)模塊做進(jìn)一步處理。數(shù)字變頻器在發(fā)射設(shè)備和接收設(shè)備中分別稱(chēng)為數(shù)字上變頻器(DUC，Digital Upper Converter)和數(shù)字下變頻器(DDC，Digital Down Converter)，它們是軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電通信設(shè)備的關(guān)鍵部什。大規(guī)模可編程邏輯器件的應(yīng)用為現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)極大的靈活性。基于FPGA的數(shù)字變頻器設(shè)計(jì)是深受廣大設(shè)計(jì)人員歡迎的設(shè)計(jì)手段。本文的重點(diǎn)研究是數(shù)字下變頻器(DDC)，然而將它與數(shù)字上變頻器(DUC)完全割裂后進(jìn)行研究顯然是不妥的，因此，本文對(duì)數(shù)字上變頻器也作適當(dāng)介紹。 第一章簡(jiǎn)要闡述了軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電及數(shù)字下變頻的基本概念，介紹了研究背景及所完成的主要研究工作。 第二章介紹了數(shù)控振蕩器(NCO)，介紹了兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法，即基于查找表和基于CORDIC算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)。對(duì)CORDIc算法作了重點(diǎn)介紹，給出了傳統(tǒng)算法和改進(jìn)算法，并對(duì)基于傳統(tǒng)CORDIC算法的NCO的FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了EDA仿真。 第三章介紹了變速率采樣技術(shù)，重點(diǎn)介紹了軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電中廣泛采用的級(jí)聯(lián)積分梳狀濾波器 (cascaded integratot comb， CIC)和ISOP(Interpolated Second Order Polynomial)補(bǔ)償法，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行了基于Matlab的理論仿真和FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)的EDA仿真，后者只進(jìn)行了基于Matlab的理論仿真。 第四章介紹了分布式算法和軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電中廣泛采用的半帶(half-band，HB)濾波器，對(duì)基于分布式算法的半帶濾波器的FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了EDA仿真，最后簡(jiǎn)要介紹了FIR的多相結(jié)構(gòu)。 第五章對(duì)數(shù)字下變頻器系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了噪聲綜合分析，給出了一個(gè)噪聲模型。 第六章介紹了數(shù)字下變頻器在短波電臺(tái)中頻數(shù)字化應(yīng)用中的一個(gè)實(shí)例，給出了測(cè)試結(jié)果，重點(diǎn)介紹了下變頻器的：FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)，其對(duì)應(yīng)的VHDL程序收錄在本文最后的附錄中，希望對(duì)從事該領(lǐng)域設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)人員具有一定參考價(jià)值。
標(biāo)簽： 軟件無(wú)線(xiàn)電 數(shù)字下變頻 技術(shù)研究
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-06-09
上傳用戶(hù)：szchen2006
The MAX2691 low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed forGPS L2 applications. Designed in Maxim’s advancedSiGe process, the device achieves high gain andlow noise figure while maximizing the input-referred 1dBcompression point and the 3rd-Order intercept point. TheMAX2691 provides a high gain of 17.5dB and sub 1dBnoise figure.
標(biāo)簽： Amplifier Low-Noise 2691 Band
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-04
上傳用戶(hù)：zaocan888
設(shè)計(jì)了水聲信號(hào)發(fā)生系統(tǒng)中的功率放大電路，可將前級(jí)電路產(chǎn)生的方波信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為正弦信號(hào)，同時(shí)進(jìn)行濾波、功率放大，使其滿(mǎn)足換能器對(duì)輸入信號(hào)的要求。該電路以單片機(jī)AT89C52，集成6階巴特沃思低通濾波芯片MF6以及大功率運(yùn)算放大器LM12為核心，通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)RS232接口與PC進(jìn)行通信，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)增益的程控調(diào)節(jié)，對(duì)干擾信號(hào)具有良好的抑制作用。經(jīng)調(diào)試該電路工作穩(wěn)定正常，輸出波形無(wú)失真，在輸出功率以及放大增益、波紋系數(shù)等方面均滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th Order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has no distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶(hù)：qwe1234
分析了調(diào)幅信號(hào)和載波信號(hào)之間的相位差與調(diào)制信號(hào)的極性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,得出了相敏檢波電路輸出電壓的極性與調(diào)制信號(hào)的極性有對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的結(jié)論。為了驗(yàn)證相敏檢波電路的這一特性,給出3 個(gè)電路方案,分別選用理想元件和實(shí)際元件,采用Multisim 對(duì)其進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),直觀形象地演示了相敏檢波電路的鑒相特性,是傳統(tǒng)的實(shí)際操作實(shí)驗(yàn)所不可比擬的。關(guān)鍵詞:相敏檢波;鑒相特性;Multisim;電路仿真 Abstract : The corresponding relation between modulation signal polarity and difference phases of amplitudemodulated signal and the carrier signal ,the polarity of phase2sensitive detecting circuit output voltage and the polarity of modulation signal are correspondent . In Order to verify this characteristic ,three elect ric circuit s plans are produced ,idea element s and actual element s are selected respectively. Using Multisim to carry on a simulation experiment ,and then demonst rating the phase detecting characteristic of the phase sensitive circuit vividly and directly. Which is t raditional practical experience cannot be com pared.Keywords :phase sensitive detection ;phase2detecting characteristic ;Multisim;circuit simulation
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶(hù)：guanhuihong
OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUIT COLLECTION AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE BIAS SUPPLY 1Provides an output voltage of 0V to +80V for reverse biasingan avalanche photodiode to control its gain. This circuit canalso be reconfigured to supply a 0V to –80V output.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–1This is a bridge-tied load (BTL) linear amplifier for drivinga thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It operates on a single +5Vsupply and can drive ±2A into a common TEC.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–2This is very similar to DRIVER–1 but its power output stagewas modified to operate from a single +3.3V supply in Orderto increase its efficiency. Driving this amplifier from astandard +2.5V referenced signal causes the output transistorsto have unequal power dissipation.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–3This BTL TEC driver power output stage achieves very highefficiency by swinging very close to its supply rails, ±2.5V.This driver can also drive ±2A into a common TEC. Operationis shown with the power output stage operating on±1.5V supplies. Under these conditions, this linear amplifiercan achieve very high efficiency. Application ReportThe following collection of analog circuits may be useful in electro-optics applications such as optical networkingsystems. This page summarizes their salient characteristics.
標(biāo)簽： 光電轉(zhuǎn)換 電路設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶(hù)：落花無(wú)痕
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in Order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
標(biāo)簽： Rogers Radio John Freq
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶(hù)：han_zh
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in Order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
標(biāo)簽： pci PCB 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶(hù)：busterman
Many complex systems—such as telecom equipment,memory modules, optical systems, networking equipment,servers and base stations—use FPGAs and otherdigital ICs that require multiple voltage rails that muststart up and shut down in a specific Order, otherwise theICs can be damaged. The LTC®2924 is a simple andcompact solution to power supply sequencing in a 16-pinSSOP package (see Figures 1 and 2).
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶(hù)：tonyshao
Video cable driver amplifi er output stages traditionallyrequire a supply voltage of at least 6V in Order to providethe required output swing. This requirement is usuallymet with 5V supplies by adding a boost regulator or asmall local negative rail, say via the popular LT®1983-3.Such additional circuitry is unnecessary in typical 1VP-Pvideo connections, such as HD component video, if thecable driver amplifi ers simply offer near rail-to-rail outputcapability when powered from 5V.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-16
上傳用戶(hù)：yanyangtian
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