很多不同的廠家生產(chǎn)各種型號(hào)的計(jì)算機(jī),它們運(yùn)行完全不同的操作系統(tǒng),但TCP.IP協(xié)議族允許它們互相進(jìn)行通信。這一點(diǎn)很讓人感到吃驚,因?yàn)樗淖饔靡堰h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了起初的設(shè)想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個(gè)分組交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究項(xiàng)目,到9 0年代已發(fā)展成為計(jì)算機(jī)之間最常應(yīng)用的組網(wǎng)形式。它是一個(gè)真正的開放系統(tǒng),因?yàn)閰f(xié)議族的定義及其多種實(shí)現(xiàn)可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”或“因特網(wǎng)(Internet)”的基礎(chǔ),該廣域網(wǎng)(WA N)已包含超過1 0 0萬臺(tái)遍布世界各地的計(jì)算機(jī)。本章主要對(duì)T C P / I P協(xié)議族進(jìn)行概述,其目的是為本書其余章節(jié)提供充分的背景知識(shí)。 TCP.IP協(xié)議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認(rèn)標(biāo)志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應(yīng)用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協(xié)議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠(yuǎn)景研究規(guī)劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統(tǒng) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規(guī)則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導(dǎo)程序協(xié)議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain ROuting) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環(huán)冗余檢驗(yàn) CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數(shù)據(jù)電路端接設(shè)備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標(biāo)志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統(tǒng) DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務(wù)訪問點(diǎn) DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數(shù)字用戶線接入復(fù)用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴(kuò)頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時(shí)間服務(wù) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast ROuting Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協(xié)議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網(wǎng) EOL (End of Option List) 選項(xiàng)清單結(jié)束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì) FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗(yàn)序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進(jìn)先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結(jié)束標(biāo)志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協(xié)議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協(xié)議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結(jié)構(gòu)委員會(huì) IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號(hào)分配機(jī)構(gòu) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報(bào)文協(xié)議 IDRP (InterDomain ROuting Protocol) 域間選路協(xié)議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) (美國)電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會(huì) IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗(yàn)注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導(dǎo)小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協(xié)議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報(bào)文存取協(xié)議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統(tǒng)到中間系統(tǒng)協(xié)議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號(hào) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協(xié)會(huì) LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網(wǎng) LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協(xié)議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長(zhǎng)肥網(wǎng)絡(luò) LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進(jìn)先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record ROute) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網(wǎng) MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網(wǎng) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴(kuò)充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報(bào)文段最大生存時(shí)間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報(bào)文段長(zhǎng)度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報(bào)文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制協(xié)議 NFS (Network File System) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng) NIC (Network Information Center) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口栓(S u n公司的一個(gè)程序) NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳送協(xié)議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學(xué)天文臺(tái) NOP (No Operation) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學(xué)基金網(wǎng)絡(luò) NSI (NASA Science Internet) (美國)國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間協(xié)議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統(tǒng)互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優(yōu)先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號(hào) PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統(tǒng)接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)協(xié)議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標(biāo)志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協(xié)議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔,其中的少部分成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔 RIP (ROuting Information Protocol) 路由信息協(xié)議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠(yuǎn)程過程調(diào)用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復(fù)位標(biāo)志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時(shí) RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時(shí)間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認(rèn) SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協(xié)議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結(jié)構(gòu) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單郵件傳送協(xié)議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務(wù)訪問點(diǎn) SSRR (Strict Source and Record ROute) 嚴(yán)格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號(hào)標(biāo)志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協(xié)議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡(jiǎn)單文件傳送協(xié)議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運(yùn)輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時(shí)間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長(zhǎng)地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠(yuǎn)程終端協(xié)議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標(biāo)志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協(xié)調(diào)的統(tǒng)一時(shí)間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復(fù)制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網(wǎng) WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網(wǎng) XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數(shù)據(jù)表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運(yùn)輸層接口
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-13
上傳用戶:tdyoung
A Computer-On-Module, or COM, is a Module with all components necessary for a bootable host computer, packaged as a super component. A COM requires a Carrier Board to bring Out I/O and to power up. COMs are used to build single board computer solutions and offer OEMs fast time-to-market with reduced development cost. Like integrated circuits, they provide OEMs with significant freedom in meeting form-fit-function requirements. For all these reasons the COM methodology has gained much popularity with OEMs in the embedded industry. COM Express® is an open industry standard for Computer-On-Modules. It is designed to be future proof and to provide a smooth transition path from legacy parallel interfaces to LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) interfaces. These include the PCI bus and parallel ATA on the one hand and PCI Express and Serial ATA on the other hand.
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶:Wwill
Abstract: With industrial/scientific/medical (ISM) band radio frequency (RF) products, often times users are new to the structure of Maxim's low pin-count transmitters andfully integrated superheterodyne receivers. This tutorial provides simple steps that can be taken to get the best performance Out of these transmitters and receivers whileproviding techniques to measure the overall capability of the design.
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-02
上傳用戶:yph853211
方案說明: 1.應(yīng)用接口:PIO, AIO, UART, USB, PCM, SPK Out(L,R), MIC IN。 2.藍(lán)牙應(yīng)用:HSP, HFP, A2DP, AVRCP, PBAP, SPP, OPP 等。 3.兩路高保真音頻輸出。 4.來電顯示。 5.藍(lán)牙控制AT 指令簡(jiǎn)單。
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:michael20
大綱1 公司簡(jiǎn)介2 LAY Out圖3 設(shè)備清單4 設(shè)備規(guī)格5 維護(hù)6 貿(mào)易條件7 建議
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-19
上傳用戶:wawjj
ANDB (字節(jié)與) 指令對(duì)兩個(gè)輸入字節(jié)按位與 得到一個(gè)字節(jié)結(jié)果 (Out)ORB (字節(jié)或) 指令對(duì)兩個(gè)輸入字節(jié)按位或 得到一個(gè)字節(jié)結(jié)果 (Out)XORB (字節(jié)異或) 指令對(duì)兩個(gè)輸入字節(jié)按位異或得到一個(gè)字節(jié)結(jié)果 (Out)使 ENO = 0 的錯(cuò)誤條件是SM4.3 (運(yùn)行時(shí)間) 0006 (間接尋址)這些指令影響下面的特殊存儲(chǔ)器位 SM1.0 (零)
標(biāo)簽: SIMATIC 邏輯運(yùn)算 指令
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-02
上傳用戶:aa54
library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; ---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating ---- any Xilinx primitives in this code. --library UNISIM; --use UNISIM.VComponents.all; entity counter is Port ( clk : in std_logic; resetn : in std_logic; dOut : Out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); lcd_en : Out std_logic; lcd_rs : Out std_logic; lcd_rw : Out std_logic); end counter;
標(biāo)簽: lcd 計(jì)數(shù)顯示 程序
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-30
上傳用戶:wqxstar
IBIS 模型在做類似板級(jí)SI 仿真得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在做仿真的初級(jí)階段,經(jīng)常對(duì)于ibis 模型的描述有些疑問,只知道把模型拿來轉(zhuǎn)換為軟件所支持的格式或者直接使用,而對(duì)于IBIS 模型里面的數(shù)據(jù)描述什么都不算很明白,因此下面的一些描述是整理出來的一點(diǎn)對(duì)于ibis 的基本理解。在此引用很多presention來描述ibis 內(nèi)容(有的照抄過來,阿彌陀佛,不要說抄襲,只不過習(xí)慣信手拈來說明一些問題),僅此向如muranyi 等ibis 先驅(qū)者致敬。本文難免有些錯(cuò)誤或者考慮不周,隨時(shí)歡迎進(jìn)行討論并對(duì)其進(jìn)行修改!IBIS 模型的一些基本概念I(lǐng)BIS 這個(gè)詞是Input/Output buffer information specification 的縮寫。本文是基于IBIS ver3.2 所撰寫出來(www.eigroup.org/IBIS/可下載到各種版本spec),ver4.2增加很多新特性,由于在目前設(shè)計(jì)中沒用到不予以討論。。。在業(yè)界經(jīng)常會(huì)把spice 模型描述為transistor model 是因?yàn)樗枋龊芏嚯娐芳?xì)節(jié)問題。而把ibis 模型描述為behavioral model 是因?yàn)樗⒉幌髎pice 模型那樣描述電路的構(gòu)成,IBIS 模型描述的只不過是電路的一種外在表現(xiàn),象個(gè)黑匣子一樣,輸入什么然后就得到輸出結(jié)果,而不需要了解里面驅(qū)動(dòng)或者接收的電路構(gòu)成。因此有所謂的garbage in, garbage Out,ibis 模型的仿真精度依賴于模型的準(zhǔn)確度以及考慮的worse case,因此無論你的模型如何精確而考慮的worse case 不周全或者你考慮的worse case 如何周全而模型不精確,都是得不到較好的仿真精度。
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-16
上傳用戶:zhouli
溫濕度傳感器 sht11 仿真程序 sbit Out =P3^0; //加熱口 //sbit input =P1^1;//檢測(cè)口 //sbit speek =P2^0;//報(bào)警 sbit clo =P3^7;//時(shí)鐘 sbit ST =P3^5;//開始 sbit EOC =P3^6;//成功信號(hào) sbit gwei =P3^4;//個(gè)位 sbit swei =P3^3;//十位 sbit bwei =P3^2;//百位 sbit qwei =P3^1;//千位 sbit speak =P0^0;//報(bào)警音 sbit bjled =P0^1;//報(bào)警燈 sbit zcled =P0^2;//正常LED int count; uchar xianzhi;//取轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果 uchar seth;//高時(shí)間 uchar setl;//低時(shí)間 uchar seth_mi;//高時(shí)間 uchar setl_mi;//低時(shí)間 bit hlbz;//高低標(biāo)志 bit clbz; bit spbz; ///定時(shí)中斷程序/// void t0 (void) interrupt 1 using 0 { TH0=(65536-200)/256;//5ms*200=1000ms=1s TL0=(65536-200)%256; clo=!clo;//產(chǎn)生時(shí)鐘 if(count>5000) { if(hlbz) { if(seth_mi==0){seth_mi=seth;hlbz=0;Out=0;} else seth_mi--; } if(!hlbz) { if(setl_mi==0){setl_mi=setl;hlbz=1;Out=1;} else setl_mi--; } count=0; } else count++; } ///////////// ///////延時(shí)/////// delay(int i) { while(--i); } ///////顯示處理/////// xianshi() { int abcd=0; int i; for (i=0;i<5;i++) { abcd=xianzhi; gwei=1; swei=1; bwei=1; qwei=1; P1=dispcode[abcd/1000]; qwei=0; delay(70); qwei=1; abcd=abcd%1000; P1=dispcode[abcd/100]; bwei=0; delay(70); bwei=1; abcd=abcd%100; P1=dispcode[abcd/10]; swei=0; delay(70); swei=1; abcd=abcd%10; P1=dispcode[abcd]; gwei=0; delay(70); gwei=1; } } doing() { if(xianzhi>100) {bjled=0;speak=1;zcled=1;} else {bjled=1;speak=0;zcled=0;} } void main(void) { seth=60;//h60秒 setl=90;//l90秒 seth_mi=60;//h60秒 setl_mi=90;//l90秒 TMOD=0X01;//定時(shí)0 16位工作模式 TH0=(65536-200)/256; TL0=(65536-200)%256; TR0=1; //開始計(jì)時(shí) ET0=1; //開定時(shí)0中斷 EA=1; //開全中斷 while(1) { ST=0; _nop_(); ST=1; _nop_(); ST=0; // EOC=0; xianshi(); while(!EOC) { xianshi(); } xianzhi=P2; xianshi(); doing(); } }
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-07
上傳用戶:我們的船長(zhǎng)
Xilinx is disclosing this user guide, manual, release note, and/or specification (the "Documentation") to you solely for use in the developmentof designs to operate with Xilinx hardware devices. You may not reproduce, distribute, republish, download, display, post, or transmit theDocumentation in any form or by any means including, but not limited to, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,withOut the prior written consent of Xilinx. Xilinx expressly disclaims any liability arising Out of your use of the Documentation. Xilinx reservesthe right, at its sole discretion, to change the Documentation withOut notice at any time. Xilinx assumes no obligation to correct any errorscontained in the Documentation, or to advise you of any corrections or updates. Xilinx expressly disclaims any liability in connection withtechnical support or assistance that may be provided to you in connection with the Information.
標(biāo)簽: Virtex FPGA PCB 設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-11
上傳用戶:zwei41
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