The next avatar of the Internet will revolutionize our world. In time, it will provide us a universal remote control, enabling us to monitor and control PHYsical objects located anywhere on the planet, using a smart phone. It will make the universe around us programmable, allowing us to script the behav- ior of PHYsical objects with electronic commands. This book is about such an emerging new version of the Internet.
標簽： Infrastructure Construction Design RFID and an of
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification systems which has gained popularity in recent years for being fast and reliable in keeping track of the individual objects. In RFID systems, contactless object identification is achieved using radio signals without the need for PHYsical contact as the case with other existing identification technologies such as barcodes. Therefore, a huge number of items can be identified in a short amount of time with high reliability and low cost which makes the RFID technology very attractive for a wide range of applications such as supply chain management, e-health, monitoring humans, pets, animals, and many other objects, toll control, and electrical tagging. Furthermore, RFID technology eliminates the human error and reduces the total cost of the products.
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Internet of Things (IoT) [26] is a new networking paradigm for cyber-PHYsical systems that allow PHYsical objects to collect and exchange data. In the IoT, PHYsical objects and cyber-agents can be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, which enables the integration between the PHYsical world and computer-based systems and therefore extends the Internet into the real world. IoT can find numerous applications in smart housing, environmental monitoring, medical and health care systems, agriculture, transportation, etc. Because of its significant application potential, IoT has attracted a lot of attention from both academic research and industrial development.
標簽： Technologies Internet Things RFID for of
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) and Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are the two key wireless technologies that have diversified applications in the present and the upcoming systems in this area. RFID is a wireless automated recognition technology which is primarily used to recognize objects or to follow their posi- tion without providing any sign about the PHYsical form of the substance. On the other hand, WSN not only offers information about the state of the substance and environment but also enables multi-hop wireless communications.
標簽： Architecture Integrated RFID-WSN
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To a quantum mechanic the whole universe is one godawful big interacting wavefunction ? but to the rest of us, it’s a world full of separate and distinguishable objects that hurt us when we kick them. At a few months of age, human children recognize objects, expect them to be permanent and move continuously, and display surprise when they aren’t or don’t. We associate visual, tactile, and in some cases audible and olfactory sensations with identifiable PHYsical things. We’re hardwired to understand our environment as being composed of separable things with specific properties and locations. We understand the world in terms of what was where when.
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This book was written by Michael Margolis with Nick Weldin to help you explore the amazing things you can do with Arduino. Arduino is a family of microcontrollers (tiny computers) and a software creation envi- ronment that makes it easy for you to create programs (called sketches) that can interact with the PHYsical world. Things you make with Arduino can sense and respond to touch, sound, position, heat, and light. This type of technology, often referred to as PHYsical computing, is used in all kinds of things, from the iPhone to automobile elec- tronics systems. Arduino makes it possible for anyone—even people with no program- ming or electronics experience—to use this rich and complex technology.
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The chief objective of Electric Machinery continues to be to build a strong foundation in the basic principles of electromechanics and electric machinery. Through all of its editions, the emphasis of Electric Machinery has been on both PHYsical insight and analytical techniques. Mastery of the material covered will provide both the basis for understanding many real-world electric-machinery applications as well as the foundation for proceeding on to more advanced courses in electric machinery design and control.
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This introductory chapter is devoted to reviewing the fundamental ideas of control from a multivariable point of view. In some cases, the mathematics and operations on systems (modelling, pole placement, etc.), as previously treated in introductory courses and textbooks, convey to the readers an un- realistic image of systems engineering. The simplifying assumptions, simple examples and “perfect” model set-up usually used in these scenarios present the control problem as a pure mathematical problem, sometimes losing the PHYsical meaning of the involved concepts and operations. We try to empha- sise the engineering implication of some of these concepts and, before entering into a detailed treatment of the different topics, a general qualitative overview is provided in this chapter.
標簽： MultivariableControlSystems
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Control systems are used to regulate an enormous variety of machines, products, and processes. They control quantities such as motion, temperature, heat flow, fluid flow, fluid pressure, tension, voltage, and current. Most concepts in control theory are based on having sensors to measure the quantity under control. In fact, control theory is often taught assuming the availability of near-perfect feedback signals. Unfortunately, such an assumption is often invalid. PHYsical sensors have shortcomings that can degrade a control system.
標簽： Observers Control Systems in
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Signals convey information. Systems transform signals. This book introduces the mathe- matical models used to design and understand both. It is intended for students interested in developing a deep understanding of how to digitally create and manipulate signals to measure and control the PHYsical world and to enhance human experience and communi- cation.
標簽： Interpretation Structure and Signals Systems of
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