Describing the relevant detection and estimation theory, this detailed guide provides
the background knowledge needed to tackle the design of practical WLAN positioning
systems. It sets out key system-level challenges and design considerations in increasing
positioningaccuracyandreducingcomputationalcomplexity,examinesdesigntradeoffs,
and presents experimental results.
The challenges associated with the design and implementation of Electro-
static Discharge (ESD) protection circuits become increasingly complex as
technology is scaled well into nano-metric regime. One must understand the
behavior of semiconductor devices under very high current densities, high
temperature transients in order to surmount the nano-meter ESD challenge.
As a consequence, the quest for suitable ESD solution in a given technology
must start from the device level. Traditional approaches of ESD design may
not be adequate as the ESD damages occur at successively lower voltages in
nano-metric dimensions.
The planarization technology of Chemical-Mechanical-Polishing (CMP), used for the manufacturing of multi-
level metal interconnects for high-density Integrated Circuits (IC), is also readily adaptable as an enabling technology
in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication, particularly polysilicon surface micromachining. CMP not
only eases the design and manufacturability of MEMS devices by eliminating several photolithographic and film
issues generated by severe topography, but also enables far greater flexibility with process complexity and associated
designs. T
Over many years, RF-MEMS have been a hot topic in research at the technology
and device level. In particular, various kinds of mechanical Si-MEMS resonators
and piezoelectric BAW (bulk acoustic wave) resonators have been developed. The
BAW technology has made its way to commercial products for passive RF filters,
in particular for duplexers in RF transceiver front ends for cellular communica-
tions. Beyond their use in filters, micromachined resonators can also be used in
conjunction with active devices in innovative circuits and architectures.
It has been said that the move from narrowband to broadband access is the second
revolution for the Internet — ‘broadband is more bandwidth than you can use’.
Once users have experienced broadband access there is no turning back. A whole
new world of applications and services becomes possible. No longer is it the ‘world-
wide wait’. The speed of response and visual quality enabled by broadband finally
allows the Internet to reach its true potential.
The “bottom-line” metrics of cash flow, demand, price, and return on investment
are driven by a second set of financial metrics represented by value to the
customer, cost, and the pace of innovation. Get them right relative to competition
and impressive bottom-line results should follow. Because of their importance, we
call value to the customer, variable cost, and the pace of innovation the
“fundamental metrics.”
HIS IS THE THIRD —and most likely the last—book
in the series on information technology for
energy managers and web based energy infor-
mation and control systems. This book concentrates on
web based enterprise energy and building automation
systems, and serves as a capstone volume in this series.
The thrust here is that the highest level functions of a
building and facility automation system are provided
by a web based EIS/ECS system that provides energy
management, maintenance management, overall facility
operational management, and ties in with the enterprise
resource management system for the entire facility or
the group of facilities being managed. If there were ever
to be a fourth volume in this series, it would follow
the logical progression of the first three volumes, and
would probably be titled Web Based Enterprise Resource
Management Systems.
This book is written for engineers involved in the operation, control, and
planning of electric power systems. In addition, the book provides information and
tools for researchers working in the fields of power system security and stability. The
book consists of two volumes. The first volume provides traditional techniques for the
stability analysis of large scale power systems. In addition, an overview of the main
drivers and requirements for modernization of the traditional methods for online
applications are discussed. The second volume provides techniques for online security
assessment and corrective action studies. In addition, the impact of variable generation
on the security of power systems is considered in the second volume. The first volume
may be considered as a background builder while the second volume is intended for
the coverage of edge techniques and methods for online dynamic security studies.
I would like to thank you for purchasing the second edition of “Industrial Network
Security,” especially if you are one of the many supporters of the first edition.
When the second edition was announced, many people asked me, “why a second
edition?” and even more followed that up with, “and why a coauthor?” These ques-
tions are harder to answer than you would think.
Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) use energy storages usually in the form of battery
banks that are designed to be recharged using utility grid power. One category of
PEVs are Electric Vehicles (EVs) without an internal-combustion (IC) engine
where the energy stored in the battery bank is the only source of power to drive the
vehicle. These are also referred as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The second
category of PEVs, which is more commercialized than the EVs, is the Plug in
