This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect
layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10-
layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended
for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI
Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between
a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in
card attached through a connector.
This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including
design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card
edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help
ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and
loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect.
However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily
guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations.
Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to
ensure compliance to all applicable specifications.
The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of
general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout
constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while
the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect
layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10-
layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended
for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI
Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between
a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in
card attached through a connector.
This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including
design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card
edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help
ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and
loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect.
However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily
guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations.
Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to
ensure compliance to all applicable specifications.
The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of
general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout
constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while
the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
The program SPLAY is a pascal to C translation of a program that
Kim Kokkonen wrote in Turbo Pascal to implement Splay Trees.
This program compresses and decompresses files, and does a pretty good
job of it.
Contents:
SPLAY.PAS Original TP source code
SPLAY.C Translation of code to C
SPLAY.EXE Compiled version of SPLAY.C (small model)
README.DOC You are looking at it
Read the comments at the beginning of SPLAY.C for more info.
In this book, we aim to give you an introduction to a wide variety of topics important to you as a developer using UNIX. The word Beginning in the title refers more to the content than to your skill level. We ve structured the book to help you learn more about what UNIX has to offer, however much experience you have already. UNIX programming is a large field and we aim to cover enough about a wide range of topics to give you a good beginning in each subject.
This book is about the management of business processes. This is certainly
not a new topic. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, it
has been written about from every possible point of view—economic,
sociological, psychological, accountancy, mechanical engineering and
business administration. In this book, we examine the management of
business processes from the perspective of computing, or—to put it more
broadly—of information technology. The reason is that information
technology has made huge leaps forward in recent years, resulting in
the creation of completely new ways of organizing business processes.
The development of generic software packages for managing business
processes—so-called workflow management systems (WFMS)—is particularly
important in this respect.
In this edition, the majority of the book is dedicated to covering the Winsock API. Chapter 1 starts with an introduction to Winsock and is specifically geared for the beginning Winsock programmer. This chapter covers all the basics and introduces Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through simple samples, as well as providing a roadmap to advanced Winsock topics covered in other chapters. For the sake of simplicity, Chapter 1 covers the IPv4 protocol.
