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普通GPS接收機在特殊環境下，如在高樓林立的城市中心，林木遮擋的森林公路，特別是在隧道和室內環境的情況下，由于衛星信號非常微弱，載噪比（Carrier Noise Ratio，C/No）通常都在34dB-Hz以下，很難有效捕獲到衛星信號，導致無法正常定位。惡劣條件下的定位有廣闊的發展和應用前景，特別是在交通事故、火災和地震等極端環境下，快速準確定位當事者所處位置對于降低事態損失和營救受傷者是極為重要的。歐美和日本等發達國家也都制定了相應的提高惡劣條件下高靈敏度定位能力的發展政策。而高靈敏度GPS接收機定位的關鍵在于GPS微弱信號的處理。 本課題的主要研究內容是針對GPS微弱信號改進處理方法。針對傳統GPS接收機信號捕獲中的串行搜索方法提出了基于批處理的微弱信號捕獲方法,來提高低信噪比情況下微弱信號的捕獲能力，實現快速高靈敏度的準確捕獲；針對捕獲微弱信號處理大量數據導致的運算量激增，運用雙塊零拓展(Double Block Zero Padding，DBZP)處理方法減少運算量同時縮短捕獲時間。針對傳統GPS接收機延遲鎖相環跟蹤算法提出了基于卡爾曼濾波的新型捕獲算法，減小延遲鎖相環失鎖造成的信號跟蹤丟失概率，來提高惡劣環境下低信噪比信號的跟蹤能力，實現微弱信號的連續可靠跟蹤。通過提高GPS微弱信號的捕獲與跟蹤能力，進而使GPS接收機在惡劣環境下衛星信號微弱時能夠實現較好的定位與導航。 通過擬合GPS接收機實際接收到的原始數據，構造出不同載噪比的數字信號，分別對提出的針對微弱信號的捕獲與跟蹤算法進行仿真比較驗證，結果表明，對接收機后端信號處理部分作出的算法改進使得GPS接收機可以更好的處理微弱信號，并且具有較高的靈敏度和精度。文章同時針對提出的數據處理特征使用FPGA技術對算法主要的數據處理部分進行了初步的構架實現并進行了板級驗證，結果表明，利用FPGA技術可以較好的實現算法的數據處理功能。文章最后給出了結論，通過提出的基于批處理和基于DBZP方法的捕獲算法以及基于卡爾曼濾波的信號跟蹤算法，可以有效地解決微弱GPS信號處理的難題，進而實現微弱信號環境下的定位與導航。
上傳時間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶：變形金剛
FEATURES Unique 1-Wire interface requires only one port pin for communication Multidrop capability simplifies distributed temperature sensing applications Requires no external components Can be powered from data line. Power supply range is 3.0V to 5.5V Zero standby power required Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +257°F ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C Thermometer resolution is programmable from 9 to 12 bits Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms (max.) User-definable, nonvolatile temperature alarm settings Alarm search command identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition) Applications include thermostatic controls, industrial systems, consumer products, thermometers, or any thermally sensitive system
上傳時間： 2013-08-04
上傳用戶：CHENKAI
Abstract: Using a DAC and a microprocessor supervisor, the system safety can be improved in industrial controllers, programmablelogiccontrollers (PLC), and data-acquisition systems. The analog output is set to zero-scale (or pin-programmable midscale) when amicroprocessor failure, optocoupler failure, or undervoltage condition occurs. A simple application is shown on how to implement thisfunction.
上傳時間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶：sjb555
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
標簽： Converters Defini DAC
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：stvnash
ANALOG INPUT BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequencyat which the reconstructed output fundamental drops3 dB below its low frequency value for a full scale input. Thetest is performed with fIN equal to 100 kHz plus integer multiplesof fCLK. The input frequency at which the output is −3dB relative to the low frequency input signal is the full powerbandwidth.APERTURE JITTER is the variation in aperture delay fromsample to sample. Aperture jitter shows up as input noise.APERTURE DELAY See Sampling Delay.BOTTOM OFFSET is the difference between the input voltagethat just causes the output code to transition to the firstcode and the negative reference voltage. Bottom Offset isdefined as EOB = VZT–VRB, where VZT is the first code transitioninput voltage and VRB is the lower reference voltage.Note that this is different from the normal Zero Scale Error.CONVERSION LATENCY See PIPELINE DELAY.CONVERSION TIME is the time required for a completemeasurement by an analog-to-digital converter. Since theConversion Time does not include acquisition time, multiplexerset up time, or other elements of a complete conversioncycle, the conversion time may be less than theThroughput Time.DC COMMON-MODE ERROR is a specification which appliesto ADCs with differential inputs. It is the change in theoutput code that occurs when the analog voltages on the twoinputs are changed by an equal amount. It is usually expressed in LSBs.
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：pans0ul
Specification: 輸入信號：DC9-32V&AC100-240V 適用負載：電熱負載，電感負載 控制方式：零點觸發（Zero cross turn-on） 輸入額定電壓：AC 110-440±10% 輸入額定電流：200-400A 使用頻率：50/60Hz 使用環境：-10℃-50℃ 90%RH 冷卻方式：風冷式
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：拔絲土豆
AT89C2051驅動步進電機的電路和源碼:AT89C2051驅動步進電機的電路和源碼 程序:stepper.c stepper.hex/* * STEPPER.C * sweeping stepper's rotor cw and cww 400 steps * Copyright (c) 1999 by W.Sirichote */＃i nclude c:\mc5151io.h /* include i/o header file */ ＃i nclude c:\mc5151reg.hregister unsigned char j,flag1,temp; register unsigned int cw_n,ccw_n;unsigned char step[8]={0x80,0xc0,0x40,0x60,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x90} #define n 400/* flag1 mask byte 0x01 run cw() 0x02 run ccw() */main(){ flag1=0; serinit(9600); disable(); /* no need timer interrupt */ cw_n = n; /* initial step number for cw */ flag1 |=0x01; /* initial enable cw() */while(1){ { tick_wait(); /* wait for 10ms elapsed */energize(); /* round-robin execution the following tasks every 10ms */ cw(); ccw(); } }}cw(){ if((flag1&0x01)!=0) { cw_n--; /* decrement cw step number */ if (cw_n !=0) j++; /* if not zero increment index j */ else {flag1&=~0x01; /* disable cw() execution */ ccw_n = n; /* reload step number to ccw counter */ flag1 |=0x02; /* enable cww() execution */ } }
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：boyaboy
The #1 Step-by-Step Guide to labviewNow Completely Updated for labview 8! Master labview 8 with the industry's friendliest, most intuitive tutorial: labview for Everyone, Third Edition. Top labview experts Jeffrey Travis and Jim Kring teach labview the easy way: through carefully explained, step-by-step examples that give you reusable code for your own projects! This brand-new Third Edition has been fully revamped and expanded to reflect new features and techniques introduced in labview 8. You'll find two new chapters, plus dozens of new topics, including Project Explorer, AutoTool, XML, event-driven programming, error handling, regular expressions, polymorphic VIs, timed structures, advanced reporting, and much more. Certified labview Developer (CLD) candidates will find callouts linking to key objectives on NI's newest exam, making this book a more valuable study tool than ever. Not just what to d why to do it! Use labview to build your own virtual workbench Master labview's foundations: wiring, creating, editing, and debugging VIs; using controls and indicators; working with data structures; and much more Learn the "art" and best practices of effective labview development NEW: Streamline development with labview Express VIs NEW: Acquire data with NI-DAQmx and the labview DAQmx VIs NEW: Discover design patterns for error handling, control structures, state machines, queued messaging, and more NEW: Create sophisticated user interfaces with tree and tab controls, drag and drop, subpanels, and more Whatever your application, whatever your role, whether you've used labview or not, labview for Everyone, Third Edition is the fastest, easiest way to get the results you're after!
上傳時間： 2013-10-14
上傳用戶：shawvi
Complete support for EBNF notation; Object-oriented parser design; C++ output; Deterministic bottom-up "shift-reduce" parsing; SLR(1), LALR(1) and LR(1) table construction methods; Automatic parse tree creation; Possibility to output parse tree in XML format; Verbose conflict diagnostics; Generation of tree traverse procedures
標簽： Object-oriented Deterministic Complete notation
上傳時間： 2014-11-29
上傳用戶：kr770906
This hands-on, one-stop guide delivers the focused, streamlined direction you need to get your Web solutions up and running quickly. Zero in on key ASP.NET configuration details and techniques using quick-reference tables, lists, coding and more.
標簽： streamlined direction hands-on delivers
上傳時間： 2015-01-11
上傳用戶：Thuan
