This book is intended for researchers, teachers, and students willing to ex-
plore conceptual bridges between the fields of automatic Control and Power
Electronics. The need to bring the two disciplines closer has been felt, for
many years, both by Power Electronics specialists and by automatic Control
theorists, as a means of fruitful interaction between the two scientific com-
munities. There have, certainly, been many steps given in that direction in
the last decade as evidenced by the number of research articles in journals,
special sessions in conferences, and summer courses throughout the world.
n present power system, the engineers face variety of challenges in
planning, construction and operation. In some of the problems, the engineers need
to use managerial talents. In system design or upgrading the entire system into
automatic control instead of slow response of human operator, the engineers need
to exercise more technical knowledge and experience. It is principally the engi-
neer’s ability to achieve the success in all respect and provide the reliable and
uninterrupted service to the customers. This chapter covers some important areas
of the traditional power system that helps engineers to overcome the challenges. It
emphasizes the characteristics of the various components of a power system such
as generation, transmission, distribution, protection and SCADA system. During
normal operating conditions and disturbances, the acquired knowledge will pro-
vide the engineers the ability to analyse the performance of the complex system
and execute future improvement
Introduction to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): RFID is a
wireless modulation and demodulation technique for automatic
identification of objects, tracking goods, smart logistics, and access con-
trol. RFID is a contactless, usually short‐distance transmission and
reception technique for unique ID data transfer from a tagged object to
an interrogator (reader). The generic configuration of an RFID system
comprises (i) an ID data‐carrying tag, (ii) a reader, (iii) a middleware,
and (iv) an enterprise application.
Radio frequency identifi cation (RFID) is a modern wireless data transmission and
reception technique for applications including automatic identifi cation, asset track-
ing and security surveillance. As barcodes and other means of identifi cation and
asset tracking are inadequate for recent demands, RFID technology has attracted
interest for applications such as logistics, supply chain management, asset tracking
and security access control.
adio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing automatic wireless data-collection
technology with a long history.The first multi-bit functional passive RFID systems,with a range of
several meters, appeared in the early 1970s, and continued to evolve through the 1980s. Recently,
RFID has experienced a tremendous growth,due to developments in integrated circuits and radios,
and due to increased interest from the retail industrial and government.
RFID (radio-frequency identification) is the use of a wireless non-contact system
that uses radio-frequencyelectromagnetic fields to transfer datafrom a tag attached
to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking [38]. The
basic technologies for RFID have been around for a long time. Its root can be traced
back to an espionage device designed in 1945 by Leon Theremin of the Soviet
Union,whichretransmittedincidentradiowaves modulatedwith audioinformation.
After decades of development, RFID systems have gain more and more attention
from both the research community and the industry.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification systems
which has gained popularity in recent years for being fast and reliable in keeping
track of the individual objects. In RFID systems, contactless object identification
is achieved using radio signals without the need for physical contact as the case
with other existing identification technologies such as barcodes. Therefore, a huge
number of items can be identified in a short amount of time with high reliability
and low cost which makes the RFID technology very attractive for a wide range of
applications such as supply chain management, e-health, monitoring humans, pets,
animals, and many other objects, toll control, and electrical tagging. Furthermore,
RFID technology eliminates the human error and reduces the total cost of the
products.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is gaining in popularity, especially
as we find ourselves in this communications age and headed towards a
ubiquitous computing world. automatic identification systems become
an important aspect not just in today’s technology but also as part of our
daily life. We need RFID in our cars, transportation systems, access
points, and even simple transactions; we also acknowledge the need for
RFID in our logistics systems, healthcare, and tracking and locating
applications.
This book is intended for researchers, teachers, and students willing to ex-
plore conceptual bridges between the fields of automatic Control and Power
Electronics. The need to bring the two disciplines closer has been felt, for
many years, both by Power Electronics specialists and by automatic Control
theorists, as a means of fruitful interaction between the two scientific com-
munities.
Control systems are becoming more important every day. At the beginning, the in-
dustry used sequential controls for solving a lot of industrial applications in control
systems, and then the linear systems gave us a huge increase in applying automatic
linear control on industrial application. One of the most recent methods for control-
ling industrial applications is intelligent control, which is based on human behavior
or concerning natural process.
