This book is about the digital logic design of microprocessors. It is intended to provide both an understanding of the basic principles of digital logic design, and how these fundamental principles are applied in the building of complex microprocessor circuits using current technologies.
Abstract: Using a wafer-level package (WLP) can reduce the overall size and cost of your solution.However when using a WLP IC, the printed circuit board (PCB) layout can become more complex and, ifnot carefully planned, result in an unreliable design. This article presents some PCB designconsiderations and general recommendations for choosing a 0.4mm- or 0.5mm-pitch WLP for yourapplication.
Nios II軟件構建工具入門
The Nios® II Software Build Tools (SBT) allows you to construct a wide variety of
complex embedded software systems using a command-line interface. From this
interface, you can execute Software Built Tools command utilities, and use scripts
other tools) to combine the command utilities in many useful ways.
This chapter introduces you to project creation with the SBT at the command line
This chapter includes the following sections:
■ “Advantages of Command-Line Software Development”
■ “Outline of the Nios II SBT Command-Line Interface”
■ “Getting Started in the SBT Command Line”
■ “Software Build Tools Scripting Basics” on page 3–8
Nios II定制指令用戶指南：With the Altera Nios II embedded processor, you as the system designer can accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custom instructions to the Nios II processor instruction set. Using custom
instructions, you can reduce a complex sequence of standard instructions to a single instruction implemented in hardware. You can use this feature for a variety of applications, for example, to optimize software inner
loops for digital signal processing (DSP), packet header processing, and computation-intensive applications. The Nios II configuration wizard,part of the Quartus® II software’s SOPC Builder, provides a graphical user interface (GUI) used to add up to 256 custom instructions to the Nios II processor.
The custom instruction logic connects directly to the Nios II arithmetic logic unit (ALU) as shown in Figure 1–1.
This introduction covers the fundamentals of VHDL as applied to complex ProgrammableLogic Devices (CPLDs). Specifically included are those design practices that translate soundlyto CPLDs, permitting designers to use the best features of this powerful language to extractoptimum performance for CPLD designs.
A windows BMP file is a common image format that Java does not handle. While BMP images are used only on windows machines, they are reasonably common. Reading these shows how to read complex structures in Java and how to alter they byte order from the big endian order used by Java to the little endian order used by the windows and the intel processor.
Expert Choice represents a significant contribution to the decision making process 工t assists a decision maker in solving complex problems involving many criteria and several courses of action . An Expert Choice solution to a problem reflects the expertise of the decision maker , not the computer .
Behavioral scientists have spent many years studying the human mind and how it makes decisions . They have found that humans are influenced by their previous experiences and this causes them to have biases . Basic instincts , preferences and environmental factors also play key roles in how we analyze data and make decisions . There 15 way to remove these factors from human decision making , nor would we necessarily want to , but as the problems of our world become more and more complex , it 15 necessary for us to employ a framework to help make more logical and less biased decisions while still taking our feelings and intuition into consideration .
Routine mampres: To obtain amplitude response from h(exp(jw)).
input parameters:
h :n dimensioned complex array. the frequency response is stored
in h(0) to h(n-1).
n :the dimension of h and amp.
fs :sampling frequency (Hz).
iamp:If iamp=0: The Amplitude Res. amp(k)=abs(h(k))
If iamp=1: The Amplitude Res. amp(k)=20.*alog10(abs(h(k))).
output parameters:
amp :n dimensioned real array. the amplitude-frequency response is
stored in amp(0) to amp(n-1).
Note:
this program will generate a data file "filename.dat" .
in chapter 2
Routine mar1psd: To compute the power spectum by AR-model parameters.
Input parameters:
ip : AR model order (integer)
ep : White noise variance of model input (real)
ts : Sample interval in seconds (real)
a : complex array of AR parameters a(0) to a(ip)
Output parameters:
psdr : Real array of power spectral density values
psdi : Real work array
in chapter 12
