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This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have
accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is
changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to
market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant
competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs.
Introduction
The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in
cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas
around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such
as those used in petrochemical plants.
The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing
safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was
developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries.
In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the
particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include
process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC
62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation.
圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
標簽：
FPGA
安全系統(tǒng)
上傳時間：
2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zoudejile
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protel 99se 使用技巧以及常見問題解決方法：里面有一些protel 99se 特別技巧，還有我們經(jīng)常遇到的一些問題！如何使一條走線至兩個不同位置零件的距離相同?
您可先在Design/Rule/High Speed/Matched Net Lengths的規(guī)則中來新增規(guī)則設定,最后再用Tools/EqualizeNet Lengths 來等長化即可。
Q02、在SCHLIB中造一零件其PIN的屬性，如何決定是Passive, Input, I/O, Hi-
Z,Power,…..？在HELP中能找到說明嗎？市面有關 SIM？PLD？的書嗎？或貴公司有講義？
你可在零件庫自制零件時點選零件Pin腳,并在electrical Type里,可以自行設定PIN的
屬性,您可參考臺科大的Protel sch 99se 里面有介紹關于SIM的內(nèi)容。
Q03、請問各位業(yè)界前輩,如何能順利讀取pcad8.6版的線路圖,煩請告知
Protel 99SE只能讀取P-CAD 2000的ASCII檔案格式,所以你必須先將P-CAD8.6版的格式轉為P-CAD 2000的檔案格式,才能讓Protel讀取。
Q04、請問我該如何標示線徑大小的那個平方呢
你可以將格點大小設小,還有將字形大小縮小,再放置數(shù)字的平方位置即可。
Q05、請問我一次如何更改所有組件的字型
您可以點選其中一個組件字型,再用Global的方法就可以達成你的要求。
標簽：
protel
99
se
使用技巧
上傳時間：
2015-01-01
上傳用戶：yxgi5
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Introduction to Xilinx Packaging Electronic packages are interconnectable housings for semiconductor devices. The major functions of the electronic packages are to provide electrical interconnections between the IC and the board and to efficiently remove heat generated by the device. Feature sizes are constantly shrinking, resulting in increased number of transistors being packed into the device. Today's submicron technology is also enabling large-scale functional integration and system-on-a-chip solutions. In order to keep pace with these new advancements in silicon technologies, semiconductor packages have also evolved to provide improved device functionality and performance. Feature size at the device level is driving package feature sizes down to the design rules of the early transistors. To meet these demands, electronic packages must be flexible to address high pin counts, reduced pitch and form factor requirements. At the same time,packages must be reliable and cost effective.
標簽：
封裝
器件
用戶
賽靈思
上傳時間：
2013-11-21
上傳用戶：不懂夜的黑
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15.2 已經(jīng)加入了有關貫孔及銲點的Z軸延遲計算功能. 先開啟 Setup - Constraints - electrical constraint sets 下的 DRC 選項. 點選 electrical Constraints dialog box 下 Options 頁面 勾選 Z-Axis delay欄.
標簽：
Allegro
15.2
SPB
上傳時間：
2013-11-12
上傳用戶：Late_Li
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AutoCAD® electrical 軟件提供的工具擴展了 AutoCAD® 的功能，可快速建立和管理電子控件圖形集。本手冊提供了可幫助您入門的基本信息，還提供了一些練習，向您介紹 AutoCAD electrical 的功能。
標簽：
CAD
電氣制圖
快速入門
上傳時間：
2013-10-17
上傳用戶：gxy670166755
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Q01、如何使一條走線至兩個不同位置零件的距離相同?
您可先在Design/Rule/High Speed/Matched Net Lengths的規(guī)則中來新增規(guī)則設定,最
后再用Tools/EqualizeNet Lengths 來等長化即可。
Q02、在SCHLIB中造一零件其PIN的屬性，如何決定是Passive, Input, I/O, Hi-
Z,Power,…..？在HELP中能找到說明嗎？市面有關 SIM？PLD？的書嗎？或貴公司有講義？
你可在零件庫自制零件時點選零件Pin腳,并在electrical Type里,可以自行設定PIN的
屬性,您可參考臺科大的Protel sch 99se 里 面有介紹關于SIM的內(nèi)容。
Q03、請問各位業(yè)界前輩,如何能順利讀取pcad8.6版的線路圖,煩請告知
Protel 99SE只能讀取P-CAD 2000的ASCII檔案格式,所以你必須先將P-CAD8.6版的格式
轉為P-CAD 2000的檔案格式,才能讓Protel讀取。
標簽：
Protel
上傳時間：
2013-11-07
上傳用戶：tangsiyun
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西門子建筑電器-電氣安裝技術部發(fā)行的各類產(chǎn)品樣本：小型斷路器、剩余電流保護斷路器和模數(shù)化產(chǎn)品(中/ 英文)Miniature Circuit-Breakers, Residual Current Operated Circuit-Breakers and Modular Devices (Chinese/English)低壓熔斷器系統(tǒng)(中/ 英文)Fuse System (Chinese/English)雷擊，過電壓－不再是問題(中文)Thunderstorms - no problem (Chinese)西門子建筑電器目錄(中文)electrical Installation Technology Catalog (Chinese)終端配電保護產(chǎn)品(中文)5 IN 1 (Chinese)SIKUS 和 STAB UNIVERSAL 目錄(中文)SIKUS and STAB UNIVERSAL Catalogue (Chinese)SIKUS HC 目錄(中文)SIKUS HC Catalogue (Chinese)SentronTM 母線槽 (中文)SentronTM Busway System (Chinese)SentronTM 母線槽系統(tǒng)快速選型 (準備中) (中文)SentronTM Busway System quick selection (in preparing) (Chinese)建筑低壓配電一體化解決方案－住宅小區(qū)應用(中文)Building LV PD Solution (Chinese)西門子 DELTA vista“遠景”系列開關和插座價目表(中文)Delta vista Switch and Socket Pricelist (Chinese)instabus EIB 面向未來的樓宇智能控制系統(tǒng)(中文)instabus EIB (Chinese)instabus EIB 面向未來的樓宇智能控制系統(tǒng)技術手冊 (準備中) (中文)instabus EIB technical handbook (in preparing) (Chinese)西門子電氣安裝技術業(yè)績卓越(中/ 英文)ET Reference Manual (Chinese/English)
標簽：
西門子
電器
樣本
電氣安裝
上傳時間：
2013-11-23
上傳用戶：瓦力瓦力hong
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Modern electronic systems solve so many difficult problems that they often seem like magic. Nonetheless, these systems all have thesame basic limitation: they need a source of electrical power! Most of the time this is a straightforward challenge for the electronicdesigner, because there are many power-delivery solutions. Yet sometimes a device has no direct power source, and running wiresor replacing batteries is impractical. Even when long-life batteries are usable, they eventually need to be replaced, which requires aservice call.
標簽：
能量收集
上傳時間：
2015-01-03
上傳用戶：zukfu
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wcdma的多徑環(huán)境下的上下行仿真，EITS標準，written by The Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group The Bradley rtment of electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
標簽：
wcdma
多徑環(huán)境
仿真
上傳時間：
2015-05-13
上傳用戶：225588
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使用pso求最小化一函數(shù)
matlab程式碼，寫的非常簡潔(不到100行)，且還包括了2維的圖形展示，和大家分享參考!!!
一起學習matlab和各種optimize methods
最小化：(x-15)^2+(y-20)^2
The swarm matrix is
swarm(index, [location, velocity, best position, best value], [x, y components or the value component])
Author: Wesam ELSHAMY (wesamelshamy@yahoo.com) MSc Student, electrical Enginering Dept., Faculty of Engineering Cairo University, Egypt
標簽：
matlab
pso
程式
上傳時間：
2013-12-18
上傳用戶：zhaiye
