The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI) coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model, based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral (LSP) parameters are quantized using a combination of scalar and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of 21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as background noise. channel errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
標(biāo)簽： frequency-domain interpolation performance Design kbit_s speech coder based and of
上傳時(shí)間： 2018-04-08
上傳用戶：kilohorse
Accurate pose estimation plays an important role in solution of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem, required for many robotic applications. This paper presents a new approach called R-SLAM, primarily to overcome systematic and non-systematic odometry errors which are generally caused by uneven floors, unexpected objects on the floor or wheel-slippage due to skidding or fast turns.The hybrid approach presented here combines the strengths of feature based and grid based methods to produce globally consistent high resolution maps within various types of environments.
標(biāo)簽： localization environments challenging Resilient mapping R-SLAM and in
上傳時(shí)間： 2019-09-15
上傳用戶：zhudx2007
Ever since ancient times, people continuously have devised new techniques and technologies for communicating their ideas, needs, and desires to others. Thus, many forms of increasingly complex communication systems have appeared over the years. The basic motivations behind each new one were to improve the transmission fidelity so that fewer errors occur in the received message, to increase the transmission capacity of a communication link so that more infor- mation could be sent, or to increase the transmission distance between relay sta- tions so that messages can be sent farther without the need to restore the signal fidelity periodically along its path.
標(biāo)簽： Communications Essentials Optical
上傳時(shí)間： 2020-05-31
上傳用戶：shancjb
The first edition of the book was one of the elements of my habilitation (a quali- fication above a Ph.D., which is a necessary step for obtaining the title of a professor in Poland and other European countries), and as a result it was subse- quently very carefully reviewed by four reviewers. The habilitation was a success. Using the insightful comments from my reviewers, I have improved the current version and eliminated some typographic errors that were initially overlooked.
標(biāo)簽： Electronics Circuits Control Power DSP in
上傳時(shí)間： 2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
軟件開發(fā)人員必備工具書，，目錄如下Welcome to Software Construction [1]1.1 What Is Software Construction?1.2 Why Is Software Construction Important?1.3 How to Read This Book......7.1 Valid Reasons to Create a Routine7.2 Design at the Routine Level7.3 Good Routine Names7.4 How Long Can a Routine Be?7.5 How to Use Routine Parameters7.6 Special Considerations in the Use of Functions7.7 Macro Routines and Inline RoutinesDefensive Programming [5.6 + new material]8.1 Protecting Your Program From Invalid Inputs8.2 Assertions8.3 Error Handling Techniques8.4 Exceptions8.5 Barricade Your Program to Contain the Damage Caused by errors8.6 Debugging Aids8.7 Determining How Much Defensive Programming to Leave in Production Code8.8 Being Defensive About Defensive ProgrammingThe Pseudocode Programming Process [4+new material]9.1 Summary of Steps in Building Classes and Routines9.2 Pseudocode for Pros9.3 Constructing Routines Using the PPP9.4 Alternatives to the PPP......
上傳時(shí)間： 2021-12-08
上傳用戶：20125101110
1.bus indices out of range 總線分支索引超出范圍2.Bus range syntax errors 總線范圍的語法錯(cuò)誤3.Illegal bus range values 非法的總線范圍值4.Illegal bus definitions 定義的總線非法5.Mismatched bus label ordering 總線分支網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)號(hào)錯(cuò)誤排序6.Mismatched bus/wire object on wire/bus 總線/導(dǎo)線錯(cuò)誤的連接導(dǎo)線/總線
標(biāo)簽： Altium Designer
上傳時(shí)間： 2022-04-17
上傳用戶：qdxqdxqdxqdx
數(shù)字頻率計(jì)是電工電子中常用的測(cè)量?jī)x器,數(shù)字頻率計(jì)通過用輸入待測(cè)信號(hào)對(duì)一特定長(zhǎng)度的信號(hào)進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),從而得出頻率并通過數(shù)碼管直觀的顯示出來。本文提出了一種與輸入同步的數(shù)字頻率計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì),提高了頻率計(jì)的精度,設(shè)計(jì)采用Multisim軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和仿真的過程,介紹了其工作原理,硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)和仿真的過程。設(shè)計(jì)采用了Multisim軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和仿真,設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果得到的驗(yàn)證。Digital frequency counter is used to measure the frequency of a signal.It is common to use a multivibrator to generate a standard 1 second time base signal and count input signal gated by this signal.However,the asynchronous of this time base signal with input signal will bring errors.In this paper,a high precision frequency counter which use synchronized time base signal generator is proposed.This frequency counter is designed and simulated by Multisim tools and result is verified.
標(biāo)簽： multisim
上傳時(shí)間： 2022-05-08
上傳用戶：
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上傳時(shí)間： 2022-06-25
上傳用戶：
#nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#銷nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint；//設(shè)定目標(biāo) Desired Value unsigned int Proportion；//比例常數(shù)Proportional Const unsigned int integral；//積分常數(shù)Integral Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常數(shù)Derivative Const unsigned int LastError；//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError；//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError；//Sums of errors struct PID spid；//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout；//PID Response（Output）unsigned int rin://PID Feedback（Input）sbit data1=P100；sbit clk=P141；sbit plus=P240；sbit subs=P241：sbit stop=P22；sbit output=P34；sbit DQ=P33；unsigned char flag，flag_1=0；unsigned char high_time，low_time，.count=0，/占空比調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)unsigned char set_temper=35；unsigned char temper；unsigned chari：unsigned charj=0；unsigned ints；
上傳時(shí)間： 2022-07-02
上傳用戶：xsr1983
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