The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a
Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which
belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI)
coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice
activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The
input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction
residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and
a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW
magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical
predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is
quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and
REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model,
based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral
(LSP) parameters are quantized using a combination of scalar
and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic
delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of
21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated
using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as
background noise. channel errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode
of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to
ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
Accurate pose estimation plays an important role in solution of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem, required for many robotic applications. This paper presents a new approach called R-SLAM, primarily to overcome systematic and non-systematic odometry errors which are generally caused by uneven floors, unexpected objects on the floor or wheel-slippage due to skidding or fast turns.The hybrid approach presented here combines the strengths of feature based and grid based methods to produce globally consistent high resolution maps within various types of environments.
Ever since ancient times, people continuously have devised new techniques and
technologies for communicating their ideas, needs, and desires to others. Thus,
many forms of increasingly complex communication systems have appeared
over the years. The basic motivations behind each new one were to improve the
transmission fidelity so that fewer errors occur in the received message, to
increase the transmission capacity of a communication link so that more infor-
mation could be sent, or to increase the transmission distance between relay sta-
tions so that messages can be sent farther without the need to restore the signal
fidelity periodically along its path.
The first edition of the book was one of the elements of my habilitation (a quali-
fication above a Ph.D., which is a necessary step for obtaining the title of a
professor in Poland and other European countries), and as a result it was subse-
quently very carefully reviewed by four reviewers. The habilitation was a success.
Using the insightful comments from my reviewers, I have improved the current
version and eliminated some typographic errors that were initially overlooked.
軟件開發人員必備工具書，，目錄如下Welcome to Software Construction [1]1.1 What Is Software Construction?1.2 Why Is Software Construction Important?1.3 How to Read This Book......7.1 Valid Reasons to Create a Routine7.2 Design at the Routine Level7.3 Good Routine Names7.4 How Long Can a Routine Be?7.5 How to Use Routine Parameters7.6 Special Considerations in the Use of Functions7.7 Macro Routines and Inline RoutinesDefensive Programming [5.6 + new material]8.1 Protecting Your Program From Invalid Inputs8.2 Assertions8.3 Error Handling Techniques8.4 Exceptions8.5 Barricade Your Program to Contain the Damage Caused by errors8.6 Debugging Aids8.7 Determining How Much Defensive Programming to Leave in Production Code8.8 Being Defensive About Defensive ProgrammingThe Pseudocode Programming Process [4+new material]9.1 Summary of Steps in Building Classes and Routines9.2 Pseudocode for Pros9.3 Constructing Routines Using the PPP9.4 Alternatives to the PPP......
1.bus indices out of range 總線分支索引超出范圍2.Bus range syntax errors 總線范圍的語法錯誤3.Illegal bus range values 非法的總線范圍值4.Illegal bus definitions 定義的總線非法5.Mismatched bus label ordering 總線分支網絡標號錯誤排序6.Mismatched bus/wire object on wire/bus 總線/導線錯誤的連接導線/總線
數字頻率計是電工電子中常用的測量儀器,數字頻率計通過用輸入待測信號對一特定長度的信號進行計數,從而得出頻率并通過數碼管直觀的顯示出來。本文提出了一種與輸入同步的數字頻率計的設計,提高了頻率計的精度,設計采用Multisim軟件進行設計和仿真的過程,介紹了其工作原理,硬件電路設計和仿真的過程。設計采用了Multisim軟件進行設計和仿真,設計結果得到的驗證。Digital frequency counter is used to measure the frequency of a signal.It is common to use a multivibrator to generate a standard 1 second time base signal and count input signal gated by this signal.However,the asynchronous of this time base signal with input signal will bring errors.In this paper,a high precision frequency counter which use synchronized time base signal generator is proposed.This frequency counter is designed and simulated by Multisim tools and result is verified.
Legal Disclaimer Lenze Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Lenze Semiconductor disclaims any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or incompleteness contained herein or in any other disclosure relating to any product.Lenze Semiconductor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others The products shown herein are not designed for use in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications. Customers using or selling Lenze Semiconductor products not expressly indicated for use in such applications do so entirely at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Lenze Semiconductor for any damages arising or resulting from such use or sale.
#nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#銷nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint；//設定目標 Desired Value unsigned int Proportion；//比例常數Proportional Const unsigned int integral；//積分常數Integral Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常數Derivative Const unsigned int LastError；//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError；//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError；//Sums of errors struct PID spid；//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout；//PID Response（Output）unsigned int rin://PID Feedback（Input）sbit data1=P100；sbit clk=P141；sbit plus=P240；sbit subs=P241：sbit stop=P22；sbit output=P34；sbit DQ=P33；unsigned char flag，flag_1=0；unsigned char high_time，low_time，.count=0，/占空比調節參數unsigned char set_temper=35；unsigned char temper；unsigned chari：unsigned charj=0；unsigned ints；
