This book has grown out of my teaching and research at the University of Surrey and out of
my previous experiences in companies such as Philips, Ascom and Motorola. It is
primarily intended for use by students in master’s level and enhanced final-year under-
graduate courses who are specialising in communication systems and wish to understand
the principles and current practices of the wireless communication channel, including both
antenna and propagation aspects
The design and manufacturing of wireless radio frequency (RF) transceivers has developed rapidly in recent ten
yeas due to rapid development of RF integrated circuits and the evolution of high-speed digital signal
processors (DSP). Such high speed signal processors, in conjunction with the development of high resolution
analog to digital converters and digital to analog converters, has made it possible for RF designers to digitize
higher intermediate frequencies, thus reducing the RF section and enhancing the overall performance of the RF
section.
This book is an entry-level text on the technology of telecommunications. It has been
crafted with the newcomer in mind. The eighteen chapters of text have been prepared
for high-school graduates who understand algebra, logarithms, and basic electrical prin-
ciples such as Ohm’s law. However, many users require support in these areas so Appen-
dices A and B review the essentials of electricity and mathematics through logarithms.
This book is an entry-level text on the technology of telecommunications. It has been
crafted with the newcomer in mind. The twenty-one chapters of text have been prepared
for high-school graduates who understand algebra, logarithms, and the basic principles of
electricity such as Ohm’s law. However, it is appreciated that many readers require support
in these areas. Appendices A and B review the essentials of electricity and mathematics
up through logarithms. This material was placed in the appendices so as not to distract
from the main theme, the technology of telecommunication systems. Another topic that
many in the industry find difficult is the use of decibels and derived units. Appendix C
provides the reader a basic understanding of decibels and their applications. The only
mathematics necessary is an understanding of the powers of ten
Fundamentals of WiMAX was consciously written to appeal to a broad audience, and to be of
value to anyone who is interested in the IEEE 802.16e standards or wireless broadband networks
more generally. The book contains cutting-edge tutorials on the technical and theoretical under-
pinnings to WiMAX that are not available anywhere else, while also providing high-level over-
views that will be informative to the casual reader.
Our original effort in writing this book was to create a starting point for those in
the business community who did not have a high level of technical expertise but
needed to have some understanding of the technical functions of their information
and communication technologies (ICT) in a corporate environment. As was true
with the first edition of this book, if you are already an engineer, find some other
form of pleasure reading—this text is not designed for you!
In the nineteenth century, scientists, mathematician, engineers and innovators started
investigating electromagnetism. The theory that underpins wireless communications was
formed by Maxwell. Early demonstrations took place by Hertz, Tesla and others. Marconi
demonstrated the first wireless transmission. Since then, the range of applications has
expanded at an immense rate, together with the underpinning technology. The rate of
development has been incredible and today the level of technical and commercial maturity
is very high. This success would not have been possible without understanding radio-
wave propagation. This knowledge enables us to design successful systems and networks,
together with waveforms, antennal and transceiver architectures. The radio channel is the
cornerstone to the operation of any wireless system.
This book presents millimeter wave communication system design and analysis at the
level to produce an understanding of the interaction between a wireless system and its
front end so that the overall performance can be predicted. Gigabit wireless commu-
nications require a considerable amount of bandwidth, which can be supported by
millimeter waves. Millimeter wave technology has come of age, and at the time of
writing the standards of IEEE 802.15.3c, WiGig, Wireless HD TM , and the European
Computer Manufacturers Association have recently been finalized.
At the macroscopic level of system layout, the most important issue is path loss. In the
older mobile radio systems that are limited by receiver noise, path loss determines SNR and
the maximum coverage area. In cellular systems, where the limiting factor is cochannel
interference, path loss determines the degree to which transmitters in different cells interfere
with each other, and therefore the minimum separation before channels can be reused.
Advances in communication and networking technologies are rapidly making ubiq-
uitous network connectivity a reality. Wireless networks are indispensable for
supporting such access anywhere and at any time. Among various types of wire-
less networks, multihop wireless networks (MWNs) have been attracting increasing
attention for decades due to its broad civilian and military applications. Basically,
a MWN is a network of nodes connected by wireless communication links. Due
to the limited transmission range of the radio, many pairs of nodes in MWNs may
not be able to communicate directly, hence they need other intermediate nodes to
forward packets for them. Routing in such networks is an important issue and it
poses great challenges.
