基于通用集成運(yùn)算放大器，利用MASON公式設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)多功能二階通用濾波器，能同時(shí)或分別實(shí)現(xiàn)低通、高通和帶通濾波，也能設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)正交振蕩器。電路的極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)能夠獨(dú)立、精確地調(diào)節(jié)。電路使用4個(gè)集成運(yùn)放、2個(gè)電容和11個(gè)電阻，所有集成運(yùn)放的反相端虛地。利用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真電路的通用濾波功能、極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)的獨(dú)立控制和正交正弦振蕩，從而證明該濾波器正確有效。 Abstract: A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions， such as high-pass， band-pass， low-pass filtering， can be realized respectively and simultaneously， and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs， two capacitors， and eleven resistances， and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering， the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer， and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.
標(biāo)簽： MASON 多功能 二階 濾波器設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：13788529953
SL811開發(fā)資料_包含源程序_電路圖_芯片資料:SL811HS Embedded USB Host/Slave Controller.The SL811HS is an Embedded USB Host/Slave Controller capable of communicate with either full-speed or low-speed USB peripherals. The SL811HS can interface to devices such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, or directly to a variety of buses such as ISA, PCMCIA, and others. The SL811HS USB Host Controller conforms to USB Specification 1.1.The SL811HS USB Host/Slave Controller incorporates USB Serial Interface functionality along with internal full-/low-speed transceivers.The SL811HS supports and operates in USB full-speed mode at 12 Mbps, or at low-speed 1.5-Mbps mode.The SL811HS data port and microprocessor interface provide an 8-bit data path I/O or DMA bidirectional, with interrupt support to allow easy interface to standard microprocessors or microcontrollers such as Motorola or Intel CPUs and many others. Internally,the SL811HS contains a 256-byte RAM data buffer which is used for control registers and data buffer.The available package types offered are a 28-pin PLCC (SL811HS) and a 48-pin TQFP package (SL811HST-AC). Both packages operate at 3.3 VDC. The I/O interface logic is 5V-tolerant.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-22
上傳用戶：a82531317
超聲波傳感器適用于對大幅的平面進(jìn)行靜止測距。普通的超聲波傳感器測距范圍大概是 2cm~450cm，分辨率3mm（淘寶賣家說的，筆者測試環(huán)境沒那么好，個(gè)人實(shí)測比較穩(wěn)定的 距離10cm~2m 左右，超過此距離就經(jīng)常有偶然不準(zhǔn)確的情況發(fā)生了，當(dāng)然不排除筆者技術(shù) 問題。） 測試對象是淘寶上面最便宜的SRF-04 超聲波傳感器，有四個(gè)腳：5v 電源腳（Vcc），觸發(fā)控制端（Trig），接收端（Echo），地端（GND） 附:SRF 系列超聲波傳感器參數(shù)比較 模塊工作原理： 采用IO 觸發(fā)測距，給至少10us 的高電平信號(hào)； 模塊自動(dòng)發(fā)送8個(gè)40KHz 的方波，自動(dòng)檢測是否有信號(hào)返回； 有信號(hào)返回，通過IO 輸出一高電平，高電平持續(xù)的時(shí)間就是超聲波從發(fā)射到返回的時(shí)間．測試距離=(高電平時(shí)間*聲速(340m/s))/2; 電路連接方法 Arduino 程序例子： constintTrigPin = 2; constintEchoPin = 3; floatcm; voidsetup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(TrigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT); } voidloop() { digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); //低高低電平發(fā)一個(gè)短時(shí)間脈沖去TrigPin delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(TrigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); cm = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH) / 58.0; //將回波時(shí)間換算成cm cm = (int(cm * 100.0)) / 100.0; //保留兩位小數(shù) Serial.print(cm); Serial.print("cm"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); }
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：xiaoyuer
注:1.這篇文章斷斷續(xù)續(xù)寫了很久,畫圖技術(shù)也不精,難免錯(cuò)漏,大家湊合看.有問題可以留言. 2.論壇排版把我的代碼縮進(jìn)全弄沒了,大家將代碼粘貼到arduino編譯器,然后按ctrl+T重新格式化代碼格式即可看的舒服. 一、什么是PWM PWM 即Pulse Wavelength Modulation 脈寬調(diào)制波，通過調(diào)整輸出信號(hào)占空比，從而達(dá)到改 變輸出平均電壓的目的。相信Arduino 的PWM 大家都不陌生，在Arduino Duemilanove 2009 中，有6 個(gè)8 位精度PWM 引腳，分別是3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 腳。我們可以使用analogWrite()控 制PWM 腳輸出頻率大概在500Hz 的左右的PWM 調(diào)制波。分辨率8 位即2 的8 次方等于 256 級(jí)精度。但是有時(shí)候我們會(huì)覺得6 個(gè)PWM 引腳不夠用。比如我們做一個(gè)10 路燈調(diào)光， 就需要有10 個(gè)PWM 腳。Arduino Duemilanove 2009 有13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸出腳，如果它們都可以 PWM 的話，就能滿足條件了。于是本文介紹用軟件模擬PWM。 二、Arduino 軟件模擬PWM Arduino PWM 調(diào)壓原理：PWM 有好幾種方法。而Arduino 因?yàn)殡娫春蛯?shí)現(xiàn)難度限制，一般 使用周期恒定，占空比變化的單極性PWM。 通過調(diào)整一個(gè)周期里面輸出腳高/低電平的時(shí)間比（即是占空比）去獲得給一個(gè)用電器不同 的平均功率。 如圖所示，假設(shè)PWM 波形周期1ms（即1kHz），分辨率1000 級(jí)。那么需要一個(gè)信號(hào)時(shí)間 精度1ms/1000=1us 的信號(hào)源，即1MHz。所以說，PWM 的實(shí)現(xiàn)難點(diǎn)在于需要使用很高頻的 信號(hào)源，才能獲得快速與高精度。下面先由一個(gè)簡單的PWM 程序開始： const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 255; i++) { if(i < bright) { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(30); } else { digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(30); } } } 這是一個(gè)軟件PWM 控制Arduino D13 引腳的例子。只需要一塊Arduino 即可測試此代碼。 程序解析：由for 循環(huán)可以看出，完成一個(gè)PWM 周期，共循環(huán)255 次。 假設(shè)bright=100 時(shí)候，在第0~100 次循環(huán)中，i 等于1 到99 均小于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 高電平； 然后第100 到255 次循環(huán)里面，i 等于100~255 大于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 低電平。無 論輸出高低電平都保持30us。 那么說，如果bright=100 的話，就有100 次循環(huán)是高電平，155 次循環(huán)是低電平。 如果忽略指令執(zhí)行時(shí)間的話，這次的PWM 波形占空比為100/255，如果調(diào)整bright 的值， 就能改變接在D13 的LED 的亮度。 這里設(shè)置了每次for 循環(huán)之后，將bright 加一，并且當(dāng)bright 加到255 時(shí)歸0。所以，我們 看到的最終效果就是LED 慢慢變亮，到頂之后然后突然暗回去重新變亮。 這是最基本的PWM 方法，也應(yīng)該是大家想的比較多的想法。 然后介紹一個(gè)簡單一點(diǎn)的。思維風(fēng)格完全不同。不過對于驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)LED 來說，效果與上面 的程序一樣。 const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(bright*30); digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds((255 - bright)*30); if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; } 可以看出，這段代碼少了一個(gè)For 循環(huán)。它先輸出一個(gè)高電平，然后維持(bright*30)us。然 后輸出一個(gè)低電平，維持時(shí)間((255-bright)*30)us。這樣兩次高低就能完成一個(gè)PWM 周期。 分辨率也是255。 三、多引腳PWM Arduino 本身已有PWM 引腳并且運(yùn)行起來不占CPU 時(shí)間，所以軟件模擬一個(gè)引腳的PWM 完全沒有實(shí)用意義。我們軟件模擬的價(jià)值在于：他能將任意的數(shù)字IO 口變成PWM 引腳。 當(dāng)一片Arduino 要同時(shí)控制多個(gè)PWM，并且沒有其他重任務(wù)的時(shí)候，就要用軟件PWM 了。 多引腳PWM 有一種下面的方式： int brights[14] = {0}; //定義14個(gè)引腳的初始亮度，可以隨意設(shè)置 int StartPWMPin = 0, EndPWMPin = 13; //設(shè)置D0~D13為PWM 引腳 int PWMResolution = 255; //設(shè)置PWM 占空比分辨率 void setup() { //定義所有IO 端輸出 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { pinMode(i, OUTPUT); //隨便定義個(gè)初始亮度,便于觀察 brights[ i ] = random(0, 255); } } void loop() { //這for 循環(huán)是為14盞燈做漸亮的。每次Arduino loop()循環(huán)， //brights 自增一次。直到brights=255時(shí)候，將brights 置零重新計(jì)數(shù)。 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { if((brights[i]++) == PWMResolution) brights[i] = 0; } for(int i = 0; i <= PWMResolution; i++) //i 是計(jì)數(shù)一個(gè)PWM 周期 { for(int j = StartPWMPin; j <= EndPWMPin; j++) //每個(gè)PWM 周期均遍歷所有引腳 { if(i < brights[j])\ 所以我們要更改PWM 周期的話，我們將精度（代碼里面的變量：PWMResolution）降低就行，比如一般調(diào)整LED 亮度的話，我們用64 級(jí)精度就行。這樣速度就是2x32x64=4ms。就不會(huì)閃了。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：mqien
libpcap is a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture. libpcap provides a portable framework for low-level network monitoring. Applications include network statistics collection, security monitoring, network debugging, etc.
標(biāo)簽： libpcap system-independent user-level interface
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-08-11
上傳用戶：saharawalker
一個(gè)簡單的應(yīng)用程序，用來說明循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)與分支結(jié)構(gòu)的嵌套使用 * 程序功能：猜數(shù)游戲。定義被猜的數(shù)。通過鍵盤輸入進(jìn)行猜數(shù)， * 如猜錯(cuò)則顯示“**Wrong**”， “Too high”或“Too low ”； * 猜對則顯示“**Right**”后退出
標(biāo)簽： 應(yīng)用程序
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-16
上傳用戶：tuilp1a
This a Bayesian ICA algorithm for the linear instantaneous mixing model with additive Gaussian noise [1]. The inference problem is solved by ML-II, i.e. the sources are found by integration over the source posterior and the noise covariance and mixing matrix are found by maximization of the marginal likelihood [1]. The sufficient statistics are estimated by either variational mean field theory with the linear response correction or by adaptive TAP mean field theory [2,3]. The mean field equations are solved by a belief propagation method [4] or sequential iteration. The computational complexity is N M^3, where N is the number of time samples and M the number of sources.
標(biāo)簽： instantaneous algorithm Bayesian Gaussian
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：jjj0202
The flpydisk sample is a floppy driver that resides in the directory \\Ntddk\Src\Storage\Fdc\Flpydsk. It is similar to a class driver in that it sits a level above the floppy disk controller in the driver stack, and brokers communication between the application level and the low-level driver. The floppy driver takes commands from the application and then calls routines in the controller which will in turn perform the actual interaction with the device. The sample compiles in 64-bit, but has not been tested in this environment. It is compatible with x86 and Alpha platforms.
標(biāo)簽： NtddkSrcStorageFdcFlpydsk directory flpydisk resides
上傳時(shí)間： 2015-03-30
上傳用戶：龍飛艇
Polynomial fit functions === === === === RegressionObject.cls contains a class that provides an easy way to add polynomial regression functionality to any application. If you just want linear regression or a very high degree, no matter: this class has good performance and scales seamlessly with the complexity of your problem.
標(biāo)簽： RegressionObject Polynomial functions contains
上傳時(shí)間： 2015-04-06
上傳用戶：rocwangdp
In today’s IT environment, Java is a leading technology in the world of enterprise development. As management demands more from technology, complexity in infrastructure seems to grow exponentially, leaving many unable to keep up with the demands of such a fast-paced world. These complexities can be seen in the over-evolving Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) specifications. This unnecessary complexity drove us to discover ways of simplifying development.
標(biāo)簽： environment development enterprise technology
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-24
上傳用戶：Zxcvbnm
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