We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation,
phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation
communications systems.We study the performance of a standard
CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to
the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and
size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear
least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise
ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO
estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive
an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability.
This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO
estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results
also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in
the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE
on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
標簽：
frequency-offset
estimation
quadrature
amplitude
上傳時間：
2014-01-22
上傳用戶：牛布牛
After an introduction to the history of mobile communications, this guide considers the basics of mobile radio, the design of cellular and private radio systems, and issues of interworking with the fixed network. It then looks at the role of the mobile radio operator, the design and operation of mobile radio networks, the needs of large user groups, and relevant regulatory and government decisions. A final section focuses on career development through resolution of conflicts, understanding managerial issues, and professional vehicles.
標簽：
communications
introduction
considers
the
上傳時間：
2016-06-24
上傳用戶：nanshan
