The family of recent wireless standards included the optional employment of Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output(MIMO)techniques.This was motivatedby the observationaccordingto the
classic Shannon–Hartley law that the achievable channel capacity increases logarithmically
with the transmit power. In contrast, the MIMO capacity increases linearly with the number
of transmit antennas, provided that the number of receive antennas is equal to the number
of transmit antennas. With the further proviso that the total transmit power is increased in
proportion to the number of transmit antennas, a linear capacity increase is achieved upon
increasing the transmit power, which justifies the spectacular success of MIMO systems.
The purpose of this book is to introduce the concept of the Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO) radio channel, which is an intelligent communication method based upon using
multiple antennas. The book opens by explaining MIMO in layman’s terms to help stu-
dents and people in industry working in related areas become easily familiarised with the
concept. Therefore the structure of the book will be carefully arranged to allow a user to
progress steadily through the chapters and understand the fundamental and mathematical
principles behind MIMO through the visual and explanatory way in which they will be
written. It is the intention that several references will also be provided, leading to further
reading in this highly researched technology.
The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique provides higher bit rates
and better reliability in wireless systems. The efficient design of RF transceivers
has a vital impact on the implementation of this technique. This first book is com-
pletely devoted to RF transceiver design for MIMO communications. The book
covers the most recent research in practical design and applications and can be
an important resource for graduate students, wireless designers, and practical
engineers.
Driven by the desire to boost the quality of service of wireless systems closer to that afforded
by wireline systems, space-time processing for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
wireless communications research has drawn remarkable interest in recent years. Excit-
ing theoretical advances, complemented by rapid transition of research results to industry
products and services, have created a vibrant and growing area that is already established
by all counts. This offers a good opportunity to reflect on key developments in the area
during the past decade and also outline emerging trends.
Linear Technology’s high performance battery management ICsenable long battery life and run time, while providing precision charging control, constantstatus monitoring and stringent battery protection. Our proprietary design techniques seamlesslymanage multiple input sources while providing small solution footprints, faster charging and100% standalone operation. Battery and circuit protection features enable improved thermalperformance and high reliability operation.
2^x mod n = 1 acm競賽題 Give a number n, find the minimum x that satisfies 2^x mod n = 1.
Input
One positive integer on each line, the value of n.
Output
If the minimum x exists, print a line with 2^x mod n = 1.
Print 2^? mod n = 1 otherwise.
You should replace x and n with specific numbers.
Sample Input
2
5
Sample Output
2^? mod 2 = 1
2^4 mod 5 = 1
The government of a small but important country has decided that the alphabet needs to be streamlined and reordered. Uppercase letters will be eliminated. They will issue a royal decree in the form of a String of B and A characters. The first character in the decree specifies whether a must come ( B )Before b in the new alphabet or ( A )After b . The second character determines the relative placement of b and c , etc. So, for example, "BAA" means that a must come Before b , b must come After c , and c must come After d .
Any letters beyond these requirements are to be excluded, so if the decree specifies k comparisons then the new alphabet will contain the first k+1 lowercase letters of the current alphabet.
Create a class Alphabet that contains the method choices that takes the decree as input and returns the number of possible new alphabets that conform to the decree. If more than 1,000,000,000 are possible, return -1.
Definition
