超聲波傳感器適用于對大幅的平面進行靜止測距。普通的超聲波傳感器測距范圍大概是 2cm~450cm,分辨率3mm(淘寶賣家說的,筆者測試環(huán)境沒那么好,個人實測比較穩(wěn)定的 距離10cm~2m 左右,超過此距離就經常有偶然不準確的情況發(fā)生了,當然不排除筆者技術 問題。) 測試對象是淘寶上面最便宜的SRF-04 超聲波傳感器,有四個腳:5v 電源腳(Vcc),觸發(fā)控制端(Trig),接收端(Echo),地端(GND) 附:SRF 系列超聲波傳感器參數比較 模塊工作原理: 采用IO 觸發(fā)測距,給至少10us 的高電平信號; 模塊自動發(fā)送8個40KHz 的方波,自動檢測是否有信號返回; 有信號返回,通過IO 輸出一高電平,高電平持續(xù)的時間就是超聲波從發(fā)射到返回的時間.測試距離=(高電平時間*聲速(340m/s))/2; 電路連接方法 Arduino 程序例子: constintTrigPin = 2; constintEchoPin = 3; floatcm; voidsetup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(TrigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT); } voidloop() { digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); //低高低電平發(fā)一個短時間脈沖去TrigPin delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(TrigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); cm = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH) / 58.0; //將回波時間換算成cm cm = (int(cm * 100.0)) / 100.0; //保留兩位小數 Serial.print(cm); Serial.print("cm"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); }
上傳時間: 2013-10-18
上傳用戶:星仔
MAXQUSBJTAGOW評估板軟件:關鍵特性 Easily Load and Debug Code Interface Provides In-Application Debugging Features Step-by-Step Execution Tracing Breakpointing by Code Address, Data Memory Address, or Register Access Data Memory View and Edit Supports Logic Levels from 1.1V to 3.6V Supports JTAG and 1-Wire Protocols Each Adapter Has Its Own Unique Serial ID, Allowing Multiple Adapters to be Connected Without COM Port Conflicts Has In-Field Upgradable Capability if Firmware Needs to be Upgraded Enclosure Protects from Shorts and ESD
標簽: MAXQUSBJTAGOW 評估板 軟件
上傳時間: 2013-11-23
上傳用戶:truth12
怎樣使用Nios II處理器來構建多處理器系統(tǒng) Chapter 1. Creating Multiprocessor Nios II Systems Introduction to Nios II Multiprocessor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1 Benefits of Hierarchical Multiprocessor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2 Nios II Multiprocessor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2 Multiprocessor Tutorial Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–3 Hardware Designs for Peripheral Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1–3 Autonomous Multiprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–3 Multiprocessors that Share Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 Sharing Peripherals in a Multiprocessor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 Sharing Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–6 The Hardware Mutex Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–7 Sharing Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1–8 Overlapping Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–8 Software Design Considerations for Multiple Processors . . .. . . . . 1–9 Program Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–9 Boot Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1–13 Debugging Nios II Multiprocessor Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–15 Design Example: The Dining Philosophers’ Problem . . . . .. . . 1–15 Hardware and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1–16 Installation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–17 Creating the Hardware System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1–17 Getting Started with the multiprocessor_tutorial_start Design Example 1–17 Viewing a Philosopher System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–18 Philosopher System Pipeline Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–19 Adding Philosopher Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–21 Connecting the Philosopher Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1–22 Viewing the Complete System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–27 Generating and Compiling the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1–28
上傳時間: 2013-11-21
上傳用戶:lo25643
Today’s digital systems combine a myriad of chips with different voltage configurations.Designers must interface 2.5V processors with 3.3V memories—both RAM and ROM—as wellas 5V buses and multiple peripheral chips. Each chip has specific power supply needs. CPLDsare ideal for handling the multi-voltage interfacing, but do require forethought to ensure correctoperation.
上傳時間: 2013-11-10
上傳用戶:yy_cn
This application note describes the implementation of a two-dimensional Rank Order filter. Thereference design includes the RTL VHDL implementation of an efficient sorting algorithm. Thedesign is parameterizable for input/output precision, color standards, filter kernel size,maximum horizontal resolution, and implementation options. The rank to be selected can bemodified dynamically, and the actual horizontal resolution is picked up automatically from theinput synchronization signals. The design has a fully synchronous interface through the ce, clk,and rst ports.
上傳時間: 2013-12-14
上傳用戶:逗逗666
為了在CDMA系統(tǒng)中更好地應用QDPSK數字調制方式,在分析四相相對移相(QDPSK)信號調制解調原理的基礎上,設計了一種QDPSK調制解調電路,它包括串并轉換、差分編碼、四相載波產生和選相、相干解調、差分譯碼和并串轉換電路。在MAX+PLUSⅡ軟件平臺上,進行了編譯和波形仿真。綜合后下載到復雜可編程邏輯器件EPM7128SLC84-15中,測試結果表明,調制電路能正確選相,解調電路輸出數據與QDPSK調制輸入數據完全一致,達到了預期的設計要求。 Abstract: In order to realize the better application of digital modulation mode QDPSK in the CDMA system, a sort of QDPSK modulation-demodulation circuit was designed based on the analysis of QDPSK signal modulation-demodulation principles. It included serial/parallel conversion circuit, differential encoding circuit, four-phase carrier wave produced and phase chosen circuit, coherent demodulation circuit, difference decoding circuit and parallel/serial conversion circuit. And it was compiled and simulated on the MAX+PLUSⅡ software platform,and downloaded into the CPLD of EPM7128SLC84-15.The test result shows that the modulation circuit can exactly choose the phase,and the output data of the demodulator circuit is the same as the input data of the QDPSK modulate. The circuit achieves the prospective requirement of the design.
上傳時間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:jyycc
為了提高直接轉矩控制(DTC)系統(tǒng)定子磁鏈估計精度,降低電流、電壓測量的隨機誤差,提出了一種基于擴展卡爾曼濾波(EKF)實現異步電機轉子位置和速度估計的方法。擴展卡爾曼濾波器是建立在基于旋轉坐標系下由定子電流、電壓、轉子轉速和其它電機參量所構成的電機模型上,將定子電流、定子磁鏈、轉速和轉子角位置作為狀態(tài)變量,定子電壓為輸入變量,定子電流為輸出變量,通過對磁鏈和轉速的閉環(huán)控制提高定子磁鏈的估計精度,實現了異步電機的無速度傳感器直接轉矩控制策略,仿真結果驗證了該方法的可行性,提高了直接轉矩的控制性能。 Abstract: In order to improve the Direct Torque Control(DTC) system of stator flux estimation accuracy and reduce the current, voltage measurement of random error, a novel method to estimate the speed and rotor position of asynchronous motor based on extended Kalman filter was introduced. EKF was based on d-p axis motor and other motor parameters (state vector: stator current, stator flux linkage, rotor angular speed and position; input: stator voltage; output: staror current). EKF was designed for stator flux and rotor speed estimation in close-loop control. It can improve the estimated accuracy of stator flux. It is possible to estimate the speed and rotor position and implement asynchronous motor drives without position and speed sensors. The simulation results show it is efficient and improves the control performance.
標簽: EKF 異步電機 直接轉矩 控制系統(tǒng)
上傳時間: 2015-01-02
上傳用戶:qingdou
微電腦型單相交流集合式電表(單相二線系統(tǒng)) 特點: 精確度0.25%滿刻度±1位數 可同時量測與顯示交流電壓,電流,頻率,瓦特,(功率因數/視在功率) 交流電壓,電流,瓦特皆為真正有效值(TRMS) 交流電流,瓦特之小數點可任意設定 瓦特單位W或KW可任意設定 CT比可任意設定(1至999) 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓 2仟伏特/1分鐘( 突波測試強度4仟伏特(1.2x50us) 數位RS-485界面 (Optional) 主要規(guī)格: 精確度: 0.1% F.S.±1 digit (Frequency) 0.25% F.S.±1 digit(ACA,ACV,Watt,VA) 0.25% F.S. ±0.25o(Power Factor) (-.300~+.300) 輸入負載: <0.2VA (Voltage) <0.2VA (Current) 最大過載能力: Current related input: 3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. 25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input: maximum 2 x rated continuous 過載顯示: "doFL" 顯示值范圍: 0~600.0V(Voltage) 0~999.9Hz(Frequency)(<20% for voltage input) 0~19999 digit adjustable(Current,Watt,VA) 取樣時間: 2 cycles/sec. RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF" RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通信協(xié)議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數: 100ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數設定方式: Touch switches 記憶型式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 絕緣抗阻: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power) 1600 Vdc (input/output) 突波測試: ANSI c37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 4KV(1.2x50us) 使用環(huán)境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時間: 2015-01-03
上傳用戶:幾何公差
集合式直流電能表(小功率的) 特點: 精確度0.05%滿刻度±1位數 可同時量測與顯示/直流電壓/電流/瓦特(千瓦)/瓦特小時(千瓦小時) 電壓輸入(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V)自動變檔功能 顯示范圍0-9999(電流/瓦特/千瓦),0至99999999(八位數瓦特小時)可任意規(guī)劃 數位RS-485 界面 (Optional) 主要規(guī)格: 輔助電源消耗功率:<0.35VA(DC12V/DC24V) <0.5VA(DC48V) <1.5VA(AC90-240V(50/60Hz)) 精確度: 0.05% F.S. ±1 digit (23 ±5℃) 輸入范圍:Auto range(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V(DC voltage)) 輸入抗阻:>5MΩ(DC voltage) 取樣時間:10 cycles/second(total) 過載顯示: " doFL " 顯示值范圍: 0-9999 digit(DCA/W(KW)) 0-9999999.999 digit(WH/(KWH)) RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF"(0-255) RS-485通信協(xié)議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數: 50ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕:Bight Red LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數設定方式: Touch switches 記憶方式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 絕緣耐壓能力:2KVac/1min.(input/output)(RS-485(Isolating)) 1600 Vdc (input/output) (RS-485(Isolating)) 使用環(huán)境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時間: 2013-11-20
上傳用戶:s363994250
特點: 精確度0.25%滿刻度±1位數 可量測交流瓦特/乏爾/功率因數/相角 顯示范圍0- ±19999可任意規(guī)劃 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓2仟伏特/1分鐘(input/output/power)) 突波測試強度4仟伏特(1.2x50us) 2組警報功能 (Optional) 15BIT類比輸出功能 (Optional) 數位RS-485界面 (Optional)
上傳時間: 2013-11-08
上傳用戶:330402686