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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the most prevalent threats to the reliability
of electronic components. It is an event in which a finite amount of charge is trans-
ferred from one object (i.e., human body) to another (i.e., microchip). This process
can result in a very high current passing through the microchip within a very short
period of time, and, hence, more than 35% of chip damages can be attributed to an
ESD-related event. As such, designing on-chip ESD structures to protect integrated
circuits against the ESD stresses is a high priority in the semiconductor industry.
標簽：
Electrostatic
Protection
Discharge
上傳時間：
2020-06-05
上傳用戶：shancjb
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) events can have serious detrimental
effects on the manufacture and performance of microelectronic devices,
the systems that contain them, and the manufacturing facilities used to
produce them. Submicron device technologies, high system operating
speeds, and factory automation are making ESD control programs a
critical factor in the quality and reliability of ESD-sensitive products.
標簽：
Management
Program
ESD
上傳時間：
2020-06-05
上傳用戶：shancjb
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ESD is a crucial factor for integrated circuits and influences their quality and reliability.
Today increasingly sensitive processes with deep sub micron structures are developed. The
integration of more and more functionality on a single chip and saving of chip area is
required. Integrated circuits become more susceptible to ESD/EOS related damages.
However, the requirements on ESD robustness especially for automotive applications are
increasing. ESD failures are very often the reason for redesigns. Much research has been
conducted by semiconductor manufacturers on ESD robust design.
標簽：
Guidelines
Design
Basic
ESD
上傳時間：
2020-06-05
上傳用戶：shancjb
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As we enter the next millennium, there are clear technological patterns. First, the
electronic industry continues to scale microelectronic structures to achieve faster
devices, new devices, or more per unit area. Secondly, electrostatic charge, electrostatic
discharge (ESD), electrical overstress (EOS) and electromagnetic emissions (EMI)
continue to be a threat to these scaled structures. This dichotomy presents a dilemma
for the scaling of semiconductor technologies and a future threat to new technologies.
Technological advancements, material changes, design techniques, and simulation can
fend off this growing concern – but to maintain this ever-threatening challenge, one must
continue to establish research and education in this issue.
標簽：
ESD-Phenomena-and-the-reliability
上傳時間：
2020-06-05
上傳用戶：shancjb
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District energy (DE) systems use central heating and/or cooling facilities to provide
heating and/or cooling services for communities. The advantages of district energy
over conventional heating and cooling include improved efficiency, reliability and
safety, reduced environmental impact, and for many situations better economics.
DE systems can be particularly beneficial when integrated with cogeneration plants
for electricity and heat, i.e., with combined heat and power (CHP) plants. One of
the main impediments to increased use of cogeneration-based district energy is a
lack of understanding of the behavior of integrated forms of such systems. This
book is aimed at providing information on district energy and cogeneration tech-
nologies, as well as systems that combine them.
標簽：
Cogeneration
District
Systems
Energy
and
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
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n its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, the US
National Institute of Standards and Technology declares that a twenty-first-century
clean energy economy demands a twenty-first-century electric grid. 1 The start of the
twenty-first century marked the acceleration of the Smart Grid evolution. The goals
of this evolution are broad, including the promotion of widespread and distributed
deployment of renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, peak power
reduction, automated demand response, improved reliability, lower energy delivery
costs, and consumer participation in energy management.
標簽：
Communication
Networks
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
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With the proliferation of cloud computing and Internet online services, more and
more data and computation are migrated to geographical distributed Internet data
centers (IDCs), which can provide reliability, management, and cost benefits.
However, IDC operators encounter several major problems in IDC operations, such
as huge energy consumption and energy cost, and high carbon emission. To deal
with the above problems, IDC operators have to efficiently manage the way of
energy consumption and energy supply. Considering the potential of smart grid, we
focus on the energy management of IDCs in smart grid from several perspectives,
i.e., power outage, carbon emission, heterogeneous service delay guarantees, and
operation risk.
標簽：
Internet
Centers
Data
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
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Modern day large power systems are essentially dynamic systems with stringent
requirements of high reliability for the continuous availability of electricity.
reliability is contingent on the power system retaining stable operation during
steady-state operation and also following disturbances. The subject of power sys-
tem stability has been studied for many decades. With new developments, and there
have been many over the past couple of decades, new concerns and problems arise
that need to be studied and analysed. The objective of this book is a step in that
direction though not ignoring the conventional and well-established approaches.
標簽：
Modelling
Stability
System
Power
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
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The term “ smart grid ” defi nes a self - healing network equipped with dynamic optimiza-
tion techniques that use real - time measurements to minimize network losses, maintain
voltage levels, increase reliability, and improve asset management. The operational data
collected by the smart grid and its sub - systems will allow system operators to rapidly
identify the best strategy to secure against attacks, vulnerability, and so on, caused by
various contingencies. However, the smart grid fi rst depends upon identifying and
researching key performance measures, designing and testing appropriate tools, and
developing the proper education curriculum to equip current and future personnel with
the knowledge and skills for deployment of this highly advanced system.
標簽：
Smart
Grid
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
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In order to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the power grid, diversify energy
resources, improve power security, and reduce greenhouse gas emission, many
countries have been putting great efforts in designing and constructing their smart
grid(SG) infrastructures.Smart gridcommunicationsnetwork(SGCN) is oneof the
key enabling technologies of the SG. However, a successful implementation of an
efficient and cost-effective SGCN is a challenging task
標簽：
smart
grid
上傳時間：
2020-06-07
上傳用戶：shancjb
