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  • PCB被動(dòng)組件的隱藏特性解析

    PCB 被動(dòng)組件的隱藏特性解析 傳統(tǒng)上,EMC一直被視為「黑色魔術(shù)(black magic)」。其實(shí),EMC是可以藉由數(shù)學(xué)公式來理解的。不過,縱使有數(shù)學(xué)分析方法可以利用,但那些數(shù)學(xué)方程式對(duì)實(shí)際的EMC電路設(shè)計(jì)而言,仍然太過復(fù)雜了。幸運(yùn)的是,在大多數(shù)的實(shí)務(wù)工作中,工程師并不需要完全理解那些復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式和存在于EMC規(guī)范中的學(xué)理依據(jù),只要藉由簡單的數(shù)學(xué)模型,就能夠明白要如何達(dá)到EMC的要求。本文藉由簡單的數(shù)學(xué)公式和電磁理論,來說明在印刷電路板(PCB)上被動(dòng)組件(passivecomponent)的隱藏行為和特性,這些都是工程師想讓所設(shè)計(jì)的電子產(chǎn)品通過EMC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),事先所必須具備的基本知識(shí)。導(dǎo)線和PCB走線導(dǎo)線(wire)、走線(trace)、固定架……等看似不起眼的組件,卻經(jīng)常成為射頻能量的最佳發(fā)射器(亦即,EMI的來源)。每一種組件都具有電感,這包含硅芯片的焊線(bond wire)、以及電阻、電容、電感的接腳。每根導(dǎo)線或走線都包含有隱藏的寄生電容和電感。這些寄生性組件會(huì)影響導(dǎo)線的阻抗大小,而且對(duì)頻率很敏感。依據(jù)LC 的值(決定自共振頻率)和PCB走線的長度,在某組件和PCB走線之間,可以產(chǎn)生自共振(self-resonance),因此,形成一根有效率的輻射天線。在低頻時(shí),導(dǎo)線大致上只具有電阻的特性。但在高頻時(shí),導(dǎo)線就具有電感的特性。因?yàn)樽兂筛哳l后,會(huì)造成阻抗大小的變化,進(jìn)而改變導(dǎo)線或PCB 走線與接地之間的EMC 設(shè)計(jì),這時(shí)必需使用接地面(ground plane)和接地網(wǎng)格(ground grid)。導(dǎo)線和PCB 走線的最主要差別只在于,導(dǎo)線是圓形的,走線是長方形的。導(dǎo)線或走線的阻抗包含電阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL,在高頻時(shí),此阻抗定義為Z = R + j XL j2πfL,沒有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。頻率高于100 kHz以上時(shí),感抗大于電阻,此時(shí)導(dǎo)線或走線不再是低電阻的連接線,而是電感。一般而言,在音頻以上工作的導(dǎo)線或走線應(yīng)該視為電感,不能再看成電阻,而且可以是射頻天線。

    標(biāo)簽: PCB 被動(dòng)組件

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-09

    上傳用戶:時(shí)代將軍

  • 電源工程師-電路設(shè)計(jì)中的英雄

    Abstract: We don't expect manufacturers to produce clothes that in one size that fits everyone. In thesame way, one ESD component can't solve all issues—each application has different ESD requirements.Knowing that "one size fits all" cannot apply to power design, the power designer, or the engineering"super hero," must consider all the potential disruptions to a steady flow of power and thenvarious waysto mitigate them. This tutorial describes voltage- and current-limiting devices and risetime reducers tomanage the power. It also points to free and low-cost software tools to help design lowpass filters, checkcapacitor self-resonance, and simulate circuits.

    標(biāo)簽: 電源工程師 電路設(shè)計(jì)

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-18

    上傳用戶:zhouxuepeng1

  • GPON系統(tǒng)的APD偏置解決方案

      Avalanche photo diode (APD) receiver modules arewidely used in fi ber optic communication systems. AnAPD module contains the APD and a signal conditioningamplifi er, but is not completely self contained. It stillrequires signifi cant support circuitry including a highvoltage, low noise power supply and a precision currentmonitor to indicate the signal strength. The challenge issqueezing this support circuitry into applications withlimited board space. The LT®3482 addresses this challengeby integrating a monolithic DC/DC step-up converter andan accurate current monitor. The LT3482 can supportup to a 90V APD bias voltage, and the current monitorprovides better than 10% accuracy over four decades ofdynamic range (250nA to 2.5mA).

    標(biāo)簽: GPON APD 方案

    上傳時(shí)間: 2014-01-18

    上傳用戶:wenyuoo

  • CAT93C46 器件數(shù)據(jù)手冊

    The CAT93C46 is a 1 kb Serial EEPROM memory device which isconfigured as either 64 registers of 16 bits (ORG pin at VCC) or 128registers of 8 bits (ORG pin at GND). Each register can be written (orread) serially by using the DI (or DO) pin. The CAT93C46 features aself−timed internal write with auto−clear. On−chip Power−On Resetcircuit protects the internal logic against powering up in the wrongstate.

    標(biāo)簽: CAT 93C C46 93

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-20

    上傳用戶:ynzfm

  • 基于自編程功能的MCU Bootloader設(shè)計(jì)

    Bootloader是微處理器上電時(shí)運(yùn)行的第一段代碼,它可以通過通信接口實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)微處理器內(nèi)部應(yīng)用程序的更新升級(jí),為網(wǎng)絡(luò)化嵌入式產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用程序升級(jí)帶來極大的便利。由于目前沒有統(tǒng)一嵌入式系統(tǒng)的Bootloader。基于NEC 78K0系列單片機(jī)自編程原理,設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)適用于78K0/Fx2系列單片機(jī)的Bootloader,并能夠通過單片機(jī)串口在線升級(jí)應(yīng)用程序。 Abstract:  Bootloader is the first piece of code executed after microprocessor startup. It makes the embedded product’s firmware update conveniently through communication interface. However, no unified bootloader is available for all kinds of microprocessor products. Based on the principle of self-programming NEC 78K0s’ series, a useful Bootloader which is suitable for 78K0/Fx2s’ series MCU is designed,the design can update the application through serial ports.

    標(biāo)簽: Bootloader MCU 自編程

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-26

    上傳用戶:fang2010

  • CAT28LV64-64Kb CMOS并行EEPROM數(shù)據(jù)手

    The CAT28LV64 is a low voltage, low power, CMOS Parallel EEPROM organized as 8K x 8−bits. It requires a simple interface for in−system programming. On−chip address and data latches, self−timed write cycle with auto−clear and VCC power up/down write protection eliminate additional timing and protection hardware. DATA Polling and Toggle status bit signal the start and end of the self−timed write cycle. Additionally, the CAT28LV64 features hardware and software write protection.

    標(biāo)簽: EEPROM 64 CMOS CAT

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-16

    上傳用戶:浩子GG

  • 3.3v看門狗芯片

    The STWD100 watchdog timer circuits are self-contained devices which prevent systemfailures that are caused by certain types of hardware errors (non-responding peripherals,bus contention, etc.) or software errors (bad code jump, code stuck in loop, etc.).The STWD100 watchdog timer has an input, WDI, and an output, WDO (see Figure 2). Theinput is used to clear the internal watchdog timer periodically within the specified timeoutperiod, twd (see Section 3: Watchdog timing). While the system is operating correctly, itperiodically toggles the watchdog input, WDI. If the system fails, the watchdog timer is notreset, a system alert is generated and the watchdog output, WDO, is asserted (seeSection 3: Watchdog timing).The STWD100 circuit also has an enable pin, EN (see Figure 2), which can enable ordisable the watchdog functionality. The EN pin is connected to the internal pull-downresistor. The device is enabled if the EN pin is left floating.

    標(biāo)簽: 3.3 看門狗 芯片

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-22

    上傳用戶:taiyang250072

  • PCB被動(dòng)組件的隱藏特性解析

    PCB 被動(dòng)組件的隱藏特性解析 傳統(tǒng)上,EMC一直被視為「黑色魔術(shù)(black magic)」。其實(shí),EMC是可以藉由數(shù)學(xué)公式來理解的。不過,縱使有數(shù)學(xué)分析方法可以利用,但那些數(shù)學(xué)方程式對(duì)實(shí)際的EMC電路設(shè)計(jì)而言,仍然太過復(fù)雜了。幸運(yùn)的是,在大多數(shù)的實(shí)務(wù)工作中,工程師并不需要完全理解那些復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式和存在于EMC規(guī)范中的學(xué)理依據(jù),只要藉由簡單的數(shù)學(xué)模型,就能夠明白要如何達(dá)到EMC的要求。本文藉由簡單的數(shù)學(xué)公式和電磁理論,來說明在印刷電路板(PCB)上被動(dòng)組件(passivecomponent)的隱藏行為和特性,這些都是工程師想讓所設(shè)計(jì)的電子產(chǎn)品通過EMC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),事先所必須具備的基本知識(shí)。導(dǎo)線和PCB走線導(dǎo)線(wire)、走線(trace)、固定架……等看似不起眼的組件,卻經(jīng)常成為射頻能量的最佳發(fā)射器(亦即,EMI的來源)。每一種組件都具有電感,這包含硅芯片的焊線(bond wire)、以及電阻、電容、電感的接腳。每根導(dǎo)線或走線都包含有隱藏的寄生電容和電感。這些寄生性組件會(huì)影響導(dǎo)線的阻抗大小,而且對(duì)頻率很敏感。依據(jù)LC 的值(決定自共振頻率)和PCB走線的長度,在某組件和PCB走線之間,可以產(chǎn)生自共振(self-resonance),因此,形成一根有效率的輻射天線。在低頻時(shí),導(dǎo)線大致上只具有電阻的特性。但在高頻時(shí),導(dǎo)線就具有電感的特性。因?yàn)樽兂筛哳l后,會(huì)造成阻抗大小的變化,進(jìn)而改變導(dǎo)線或PCB 走線與接地之間的EMC 設(shè)計(jì),這時(shí)必需使用接地面(ground plane)和接地網(wǎng)格(ground grid)。導(dǎo)線和PCB 走線的最主要差別只在于,導(dǎo)線是圓形的,走線是長方形的。導(dǎo)線或走線的阻抗包含電阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL,在高頻時(shí),此阻抗定義為Z = R + j XL j2πfL,沒有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。頻率高于100 kHz以上時(shí),感抗大于電阻,此時(shí)導(dǎo)線或走線不再是低電阻的連接線,而是電感。一般而言,在音頻以上工作的導(dǎo)線或走線應(yīng)該視為電感,不能再看成電阻,而且可以是射頻天線。

    標(biāo)簽: PCB 被動(dòng)組件

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-16

    上傳用戶:極客

  • 國外游戲開發(fā)者雜志2003年第二期配套代碼

    國外游戲開發(fā)者雜志2003年第二期配套代碼,包含了Jon Blow的交互工具的版本更新,使用了一個(gè)Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Map來區(qū)分系統(tǒng)的行為

    標(biāo)簽: 2003 開發(fā)者 代碼

    上傳時(shí)間: 2014-01-19

    上傳用戶:拔絲土豆

  • TI 的回聲抵消編程 Guide

    TI 的回聲抵消編程 Guide,詳細(xì)介紹了 echo cancellation 的流程 并附有 C 編寫的源代碼

    標(biāo)簽: Guide TI 回聲 編程

    上傳時(shí)間: 2015-04-04

    上傳用戶:894898248

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