高速數字系統設計下載pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
上傳時間: 2013-10-26
上傳用戶:縹緲
Sensing and/or controlling current flow is a fundamental requirement in many electronics systems, and the tech-niques to do so are as diverse as the applications them-selves.
標簽: 電流采樣
上傳時間: 2013-10-15
上傳用戶:daoyue
Industrial remote monitoring systems and keep-alivecircuits spend most of their time in standby mode. Manyof these systems also depend on battery power, so powersupply effi ciency in standby state is very important tomaximize battery life. The LT®8410/-1 high effi ciencyboost converter is ideal for these systems, requiringonly 8.5μA of quiescent current in standby mode. Thedevice integrates high value (12.4M/0.4M) output feedbackresistors, signifi cantly reducing input current whenthe output is in regulation with no load. Other featuresinclude an integrated 40V switch and Schottky diode,output disconnect with current limit, built in soft-start,overvoltage protection and a wide input range, all in atiny 8-pin 2mm × 2mm DFN package.
上傳時間: 2013-11-23
上傳用戶:新手無憂
Automotive power systems are unforgiving electronicenvironments. Transients to 90V can occur when thenominal voltage range is 10V to 15V (ISO7637), along withbattery reversal in some cases. It’s fairly straightforwardto build automotive electronics around this system, butincreasingly end users want to operate portable electronics,such as GPS systems or music/video players,and to charge their Li-Ion batteries from the automotivebattery. To do so requires a compact, robust, effi cientand easy-to-design charging system
上傳時間: 2013-11-04
上傳用戶:wfl_yy
In a recent discussion with a system designer, the requirementfor his power supply was to regulate 1.5Vand deliver up to 40A of current to a load that consistedof four FPGAs. This is up to 60W of power that must bedelivered in a small area with the lowest height profi lepossible to allow a steady fl ow of air for cooling. Thepower supply had to be surface mountable and operateat high enough effi ciency to minimize heat dissipation.He also demanded the simplest possible solution so histime could be dedicated to the more complex tasks. Asidefrom precise electrical performance, this solution had toremovethe heat generated during DC to DC conversionquickly so that the circuit and the ICs in the vicinity do notoverheat. Such a solution requires an innovative designto meet these criteria:
上傳時間: 2013-11-24
上傳用戶:defghi010
Switching regulators are of universal interest. LinearTechnology has made a major effort to address this topic.A catalog of circuits has been compiled so that a designengineer can swiftly determine which converter type isbest. This catalog serves as a visual index to be browsedthrough for a specific or general interest.
標簽: Collection Switching Regulator Circuit
上傳時間: 2013-11-09
上傳用戶:mh_zhaohy
Sensing and/or controlling current flow is a fundamental requirement in many electronics systems, and the tech-niques to do so are as diverse as the applications them-selves. This Application Note compiles solutions to cur-rent sensing problems and organizes the solutions by general application type. These circuits have been culled from a variety of Linear Technology documents
標簽: 電流檢測電路
上傳時間: 2013-10-22
上傳用戶:moshushi0009
MAX29X是美國MAXIM公司生瓣的8階開關電容低通濾波器,由于價格便宜、使用方便、設計簡單,在通訊、信號自理等領域得到了廣泛的應用。本文就其工作原理、電氣參數、設計注意事項等問題作了討論,具有一定的實用參考價值。關鍵詞:開關電容、濾波器、設計 1 引言 開關電容濾波器在近些年得到了迅速的發展,世界上一些知名的半導體廠家相繼推出了自己的開頭電容濾波器集成電路,使形狀電容濾波器的發展上了一個新臺階。 MAXIM公司在模擬器件生產領域頗具影響,它生產MAX291/292/293/294/295/296/297系列8階低通開關電容濾波器由于使用方便(基本上不需外接元件)、設計簡單(頻率響應函數是固定的,只需確定其拐角頻率即截止頻率)、尺寸?。ㄓ?-pin DIP封裝)等優點,在ADC的反混疊濾波、噪聲分析、電源噪聲抑制等領域得到了廣泛的應用。 MAX219/295為巴特活思(型濾波器,在通頻帶內,它的增益最穩定,波動小,主要用于儀表測量等要求整個通頻帶內增益恒定的場合。MAX292/296為貝塞爾(Bessel)濾波器,在通頻帶內它的群時延時恒定的,相位對頻率呈線性關系,因此脈沖信號通過MAX292/296之后尖峰幅度小,穩定速度快。由于脈沖信號通過貝塞爾濾波器之后所有頻率分量的延遲時間是相同的,故可保證波形基本不變。關于巴特活和貝塞爾濾波器的特性可能圖1來說明。圖1的蹤跡A為加到濾波器輸入端的3kHz的脈沖,這里我們把濾波器的截止頻率設為10kHZ。蹤跡B通過MAX292/296后的波形。從圖中可以看出,由于MAX292/296在通帶內具有線性相位特性,輸出波形基本上保持了方波形狀,只是邊沿處變圓了一些。方波通過MAX291/295之后,由于不同頻率的信號產生的時延不同,輸出波形中就出現了尖峰(overshoot)和鈴流(ringing)。 MAX293/294/297為8階圓型(Elliptic)濾波器,它的滾降速度快,從通頻帶到阻帶的過渡帶可以作得很窄。在橢圓型濾波器中,第一個傳輸零點后輸出將隨頻率的變高而增大,直到第二個零點處。這樣幾番重復就使阻事賓頻響呈現波浪形,如圖2所示。阻帶從fS起算起,高于頻率fS處的增益不會超過fS處的增益。在橢圓型濾波中,通頻帶內的增益存在一定范圍的波動。橢圓型濾波器的一個重要參數就是過渡比。過渡比定義為阻帶頻率fS與拐角頻率(有時也等同為截止頻率)由時鐘頻率確定。時鐘既可以是外接的時鐘,也可以是自己的內部時鐘。使用內部時鐘時只需外接一個定時用的電容既可。 在MAX29X系列濾波器集成電路中,除了濾波器電路外還有一個獨立的運算放大器(其反相輸入端已在內部接地)。用這個運算放大器可以組成配合MAX29X系列濾波器使用后的濾波、反混濾波等連續時間低通濾波器。 下面歸納一下它們的特點: ●全部為8階低通濾波器。MAX291/MAX295為巴特沃思濾波器;MAX292/296為貝塞爾濾波器;MAX293/294/297為橢圓濾波器。 ●通過調整時鐘,截止頻率的調整范圍為:0.1Hz~25kHz(MAX291/292/293*294);0.1Hz~kHz(MAX295/296/297)。 ●既可用外部時鐘也可用內部時鐘作為截止頻率的控制時鐘。 ●時鐘頻率和截止頻率的比率:10∶1(MAX291/292/293/294);50∶1(MAX295/296/297)。 ●既可用單+5V電源供電也可用±5V雙電源供電。 ●有一個獨立的運算放大器可用于其它應用目的。 ●8-pin DIP、8-pin SO和寬SO-16多種封裝。2 管腳排列和主要電氣參數 MAX29X系列開頭電容濾波器的管腳排列如圖3所示。 管腳功能定義如下: CLK:時鐘輸入。 OP OUT:獨立運放的輸出端。 OP INT:獨立運放的同相輸入端。 OUT:濾波器輸出。 IN:濾波器輸入。 V-:負電源 。雙電源供電時搛-2.375~-5.5V之間的電壓,單電源供電時V--=-V。 V+:正電源。雙電源供電時V+=+2.35~+5.5V,單電源供電時V+=+4.75~+11.0V。 GND:地線。單電源工作時GND端必須用電源電壓的一半作偏置電壓。 NC:空腳,無連線。 MAX29X的極限電氣參數如下: 電源(V+~V-):12V 輸入電壓(任意腳):V--0.3V≤VIN≤V++0.3V 連續工作時的功耗:8腳塑封DIP:727mW;8腳SO:471mW;16腳寬SO:762mW;8腳瓷封DIP:640mW。 工作溫度范圍:MAX29-C-:0℃~+70℃;MAX29-E-:-40℃~+85℃;MAX29-MJA:-55℃~+125℃;保存溫度范圍:-65℃~+160℃;焊接溫度(10秒):+300℃; 大多數的形狀電容濾波器都采用四節級連結構,每一節包含兩個濾波器極點。這種方法的特點就是易于設計。但采用這種方法設計出來的濾波器的特性對所用元件的元件值偏差很敏感?;谝陨峡紤],MAX29X系列用帶有相加和比例功能的開關電容持了梯形無源濾波器,這種方法保持了梯形無源濾波器的優點,在這種結構中每個元件的影響作用是對于整個頻率響應曲線的,某元件值的誤差將會分散到所有的極點,因此不值像四節級連結構那樣對某一個極點特別明顯的影響。3 MAX29X的頻率特性 MAX29X的頻率特性如圖4所示。圖中的fs都假定為1kHz。4 設計考慮 下面對MAX29X系列形狀電容濾波器的使用做些討論。4.1 時鐘信號 MAX29X系列開頭電容濾波器推薦使用的時鐘信號最高頻率為2.5MHz。根據對應的時鐘頻率和拐角頻率的比值,MAX291/MAX292/MAX293/MAX294的拐角頻率最高為25kHz.MAX295/MAX296/MAX297的拐角頻率最高為50kHz 。 MAX29X系列開關電容濾波器的時鐘信號既可幅外部時鐘直接驅動也可由內部振蕩器產生。使用外部時鐘時,無論是采用單電源供電還是雙電源供電,CLK可直接和采用+5V供電的CMOS時鐘信號發生器的輸出相連。通過調整外部時鐘的頻率,可完成濾波器拐角的實時調整。 當使用內部時鐘時,振蕩器的頻率由接在CLK端上的電容VCOSC決定: fCOSC (kHz)=105/3COSC (pF) 4.2 供電 MAX29X系列開關電容濾波器既可用單電源工作也可用雙電源工作。雙電源供電時的電源電壓范圍為±2.375~±5.5V。在實際電路中一般要在正負電源和GND之間接一旁路電容。 當采用單電源供電時,V-端接地,而GND端要通過電阻分壓獲得一個電壓參考,該電壓參考的電壓值為1/2的電源電壓,參見圖5。4.3 輸入信號幅度范圍限制 MAX29X允許的輸入信號的最大范圍為V--0.3V~V++0.3V。一般情況下在+5V單電源供電時輸入信號范圍取1V~4V,±5V雙電源供電時,輸入信號幅度范圍取±4V。如果輸入信號超過此范圍,總諧波失真THD和噪聲就大大增加;同樣如果輸入信號幅度過?。╒P-P<1V),也會造成THD和噪聲的增加。4.4 獨立運算放大器的用法 MAX29X中都設計有一個獨立的運算放大器,這個放大器和濾波器的實現無直接關系,用這個放大器可組成一個一階和二階濾波器,用于實現MAX29X之前的反混疊濾波功能鄞MAX29X之后的時鐘噪聲抑制功能。這個運算放大器的反相端已在內部和GND相連。 圖6是用該獨立運放組成的2階低通濾波器的電路,它的拐角頻率為10kHz,輸入阻抗為22Ω,可滿足MAX29X形狀電容濾波器的最小負載要求(MAX29X的輸出負載要求不小于20kΩ)可以通過改變R1、R2、R3、C1、C2的元件值改變拐角頻率。具體的元件值和拐角頻率的對應關系參見表1。
上傳時間: 2013-10-18
上傳用戶:macarco
本設計是以STC89C52RC芯片為核心,利用Keil UV4編寫軟件和STC_ISP燒寫軟件,設計出一個八音盒。八音盒主要由五大模塊構成,包括單片機最小系統、4*4矩陣鍵盤、蜂鳴器發生電路和4位數碼管顯示電路。有8個按鍵對應8首曲目播放按鈕,另外8個按鍵對應do、re、mi、fa、so、la、si、do’八中音調。本設計主要使用單片機的內部定時器0和中斷產生不同頻率的方波和延時驅動蜂鳴器,并采取行列反轉掃描法識別鍵盤鍵值。由于使用的是實驗箱已經固化的電路,本設計主要從軟件設計上加以優化,以使蜂鳴器產生的音樂更純凈。最終實現的基礎功能是任意播放8首單片機內已存曲目,發揮部分是另外實現8個可演奏的琴鍵,使八音盒具有放音和簡單演奏的兩重功能,并輔以數碼管顯示當前播放曲目號,經過優化和調試,音色較好,琴鍵發音比較純正,初步達到設計要求。
上傳時間: 2013-11-18
上傳用戶:450976175
數字控制的交流調速系統所選用的微處理器、功率器件及產生PWM波的方法是影響交流調速系統性能好壞的直接因素。在介紹了正弦脈寬調制(SPWM)技術的基礎上,設計了一種以8098單片機作為控制器,以智能功率模塊IPM為開關器件的變頻調速系統。通過軟件編程,產生正弦脈沖寬度調制波形來控制絕緣柵雙極晶體管的導通和關斷,從而達到控制異步電動機轉速的目的。實驗結果表明,該系統可調頻率調電壓,穩定度高,調速范圍寬,具有較強的實用價值 Abstract: AC variable speed with digital control systems used microprocessors, power devices and generate PWM wave is the direct factors of affecting the performance AC speed regulation system. On the basis of introducing the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technology,this paper designed variable speed system which used 8098 as a controller, intelligent power module IPM as switching device. Through software programming, resulting in sinusoidal pulse width modulation waveform to control the insulated gate bipolar transistor turn on and off, so as to achieve the purpose of speed control of induction motors. Experimental results show that the system can adjust frequency modulation voltage, high stability, wide speed range, has a strong practical value.
上傳時間: 2013-11-14
上傳用戶:ynwbosss