ORCAD基本問題的集成束
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：colinal
電路板故障分析 維修方式介紹 ASA維修技術(shù) ICT維修技術(shù) 沒有線路圖,無從修起 電路板太複雜,維修困難 維修經(jīng)驗及技術(shù)不足 無法維修的死板,廢棄可惜 送電中作動態(tài)維修,危險性極高 備份板太多,積壓資金 送國外維修費用高,維修時間長 對老化零件無從查起無法預(yù)先更換 維修速度及效率無法提升,造成公司負(fù)擔(dān),客戶埋怨 投資大量維修設(shè)備,操作複雜,績效不彰
上傳時間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：chengxin
現(xiàn)代的電子設(shè)計和芯片制造技術(shù)正在飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜度、時鐘和總線頻率等等都呈快速上升趨勢，但系統(tǒng)的電壓卻不斷在減小，所有的這一切加上產(chǎn)品投放市場的時間要求給設(shè)計師帶來了前所未有的巨大壓力。要想保證產(chǎn)品的一次性成功就必須能預(yù)見設(shè)計中可能出現(xiàn)的各種問題，并及時給出合理的解決方案，對于高速的數(shù)字電路來說，最令人頭大的莫過于如何確保瞬時跳變的數(shù)字信號通過較長的一段傳輸線，還能完整地被接收，并保證良好的電磁兼容性，這就是目前頗受關(guān)注的信號完整性（SI）問題。本章就是圍繞信號完整性的問題，讓大家對高速電路有個基本的認(rèn)識，并介紹一些相關(guān)的基本概念。 第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步時序系統(tǒng).......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步時序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由來...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 與SPICE 的比較.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的構(gòu)成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相關(guān)工具及鏈接..............................................................................120第八章 高速設(shè)計理論在實際中的運用.............................................................1228.1 疊層設(shè)計方案...........................................................................................1228.2 過孔對信號傳輸?shù)挠绊?..........................................................................1278.3 一般布局規(guī)則...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技術(shù)...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走線策略............................................................................................134
標(biāo)簽： 信號完整性
上傳時間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：xitai
第一部分 信號完整性知識基礎(chǔ).................................................................................5第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設(shè)計的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統(tǒng)......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設(shè)計的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓?fù)淠０弪?qū)動設(shè)計...................................................................2313.4.4 時序驅(qū)動布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅(qū)動設(shè)計.......................................................................2323.4.6 設(shè)計后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進(jìn)階運用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設(shè)計前和設(shè)計的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設(shè)置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變設(shè)計的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進(jìn)行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進(jìn)行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對傳輸線進(jìn)行設(shè)置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進(jìn)行串?dāng)_仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進(jìn)一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串?dāng)_仿真..........................................................................309
標(biāo)簽： PCB 內(nèi)存 仿真技術(shù)
上傳時間： 2013-11-07
上傳用戶：aa7821634
PCB LAYOUT 術(shù)語解釋(TERMS)1. COMPONENT SIDE(零件面、正面)︰大多數(shù)零件放置之面。2. SOLDER SIDE(焊錫面、反面)。3. SOLDER MASK(止焊膜面)︰通常指Solder Mask Open 之意。4. TOP PAD︰在零件面上所設(shè)計之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。5. BOTTOM PAD：在銲錫面上所設(shè)計之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。6. POSITIVE LAYER：單、雙層板之各層線路；多層板之上、下兩層線路及內(nèi)層走線皆屬之。7. NEGATIVE LAYER：通常指多層板之電源層。8. INNER PAD：多層板之POSITIVE LAYER 內(nèi)層PAD。9. ANTI-PAD：多層板之NEGATIVE LAYER 上所使用之絕緣範(fàn)圍，不與零件腳相接。10. THERMAL PAD：多層板內(nèi)NEGATIVE LAYER 上必須零件腳時所使用之PAD，一般稱為散熱孔或?qū)住?1. PAD (銲墊)：除了SMD PAD 外，其他PAD 之TOP PAD、BOTTOM PAD 及INNER PAD 之形狀大小皆應(yīng)相同。12. Moat : 不同信號的 Power& GND plane 之間的分隔線13. Grid : 佈線時的走線格點2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用ICT 測試點 LAYOUT 注意事項:PCB 的每條TRACE 都要有一個作為測試用之TEST PAD(測試點)，其原則如下：1. 一般測試點大小均為30-35mil，元件分布較密時，測試點最小可至30mil.測試點與元件PAD 的距離最小為40mil。2. 測試點與測試點間的間距最小為50-75mil，一般使用75mil。密度高時可使用50mil,3. 測試點必須均勻分佈於PCB 上，避免測試時造成板面受力不均。4. 多層板必須透過貫穿孔(VIA)將測試點留於錫爐著錫面上(Solder Side)。5. 測試點必需放至於Bottom Layer6. 輸出test point report(.asc 檔案powerpcb v3.5)供廠商分析可測率7. 測試點設(shè)置處:Setuppadsstacks
標(biāo)簽： layout design pcb 硬件工程師
上傳時間： 2013-11-17
上傳用戶：cjf0304
LAYOUT REPORT .............. 1 目錄.................. 1 1. PCB LAYOUT 術(shù)語解釋(TERMS)......... 2 2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用............ 2 3. 基準(zhǔn)點 (光學(xué)點) -for SMD:........... 4 4. 標(biāo)記 (LABEL ING)......... 5 5. VIA HOLE PAD................. 5 6. PCB Layer 排列方式...... 5 7.零件佈置注意事項 (PLACEMENT NOTES)............... 5 8. PCB LAYOUT 設(shè)計............ 6 9. Transmission Line ( 傳輸線 )..... 8 10.General Guidelines – 跨Plane.. 8 11. General Guidelines – 繞線....... 9 12. General Guidelines – Damping Resistor. 10 13. General Guidelines - RJ45 to Transformer................. 10 14. Clock Routing Guideline........... 12 15. OSC & CRYSTAL Guideline........... 12 16. CPU
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：1234xhb
•1-1 傳輸線方程式 •1-2 傳輸線問題的時域分析 •1-3 正弦狀的行進(jìn)波 •1-4 傳輸線問題的頻域分析 •1-5 駐波和駐波比 •1-6 Smith圖 •1-7 多段傳輸線問題的解法 •1-8 傳輸線的阻抗匹配
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：fhzm5658
傳輸線理論與阻抗匹配 傳輸線理論
上傳時間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：squershop
半導(dǎo)體的產(chǎn)品很多，應(yīng)用的場合非常廣泛，圖一是常見的幾種半導(dǎo)體元件外型。半導(dǎo)體元件一般是以接腳形式或外型來劃分類別，圖一中不同類別的英文縮寫名稱原文為 PDID：Plastic Dual Inline Package SOP：Small Outline Package SOJ：Small Outline J-Lead Package PLCC：Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier QFP：Quad Flat Package PGA：Pin Grid Array BGA：Ball Grid Array 雖然半導(dǎo)體元件的外型種類很多，在電路板上常用的組裝方式有二種，一種是插入電路板的銲孔或腳座，如PDIP、PGA，另一種是貼附在電路板表面的銲墊上，如SOP、SOJ、PLCC、QFP、BGA。 從半導(dǎo)體元件的外觀，只看到從包覆的膠體或陶瓷中伸出的接腳，而半導(dǎo)體元件真正的的核心，是包覆在膠體或陶瓷內(nèi)一片非常小的晶片，透過伸出的接腳與外部做資訊傳輸。圖二是一片EPROM元件，從上方的玻璃窗可看到內(nèi)部的晶片，圖三是以顯微鏡將內(nèi)部的晶片放大，可以看到晶片以多條銲線連接四周的接腳，這些接腳向外延伸並穿出膠體，成為晶片與外界通訊的道路。請注意圖三中有一條銲線從中斷裂，那是使用不當(dāng)引發(fā)過電流而燒毀，致使晶片失去功能，這也是一般晶片遭到損毀而失效的原因之一。 圖四是常見的LED，也就是發(fā)光二極體，其內(nèi)部也是一顆晶片，圖五是以顯微鏡正視LED的頂端，可從透明的膠體中隱約的看到一片方型的晶片及一條金色的銲線，若以LED二支接腳的極性來做分別，晶片是貼附在負(fù)極的腳上，經(jīng)由銲線連接正極的腳。當(dāng)LED通過正向電流時，晶片會發(fā)光而使LED發(fā)亮，如圖六所示。 半導(dǎo)體元件的製作分成兩段的製造程序，前一段是先製造元件的核心─晶片，稱為晶圓製造；後一段是將晶中片加以封裝成最後產(chǎn)品，稱為IC封裝製程，又可細(xì)分成晶圓切割、黏晶、銲線、封膠、印字、剪切成型等加工步驟，在本章節(jié)中將簡介這兩段的製造程序。
上傳時間： 2013-11-04
上傳用戶：372825274
特點 精確度0.1%滿刻度±1位數(shù) 可直接量測交直流電壓(AC/DC 20~265V)無需另接電源 精密濾波整流,均方根值校正 尺寸小(24x48x50mm),穩(wěn)定性 分離式端子,配線容易 CE認(rèn)證
上傳時間： 2013-11-05
上傳用戶：gaome
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