The introduction of Spartan-3™ devices has createdmultiple changes in the evolution of embedded controldesigns and pushed processing capabilities to the “almostfreestage.” With these new FPGAs falling under $20, involume, with over 1 million system gates, and under $5for 100K gate-level units, any design with programmablelogic has a readily available 8- or 16-Bit processor costingless than 75 cents and 32-Bit processor for less than $1.50.
The Virtex™-4 user access register (USR_ACCESS_VIRTEX4) is a 32-Bit register thatprovides direct access to Bitstream data by the FPGA fabric. It is useful for loadingPowerPC™ 405 (PPC405) processor caches and/or other data into the FPGA after the FPGAhas been configured, thus achieving partial reconfiguration. The USR_ACCESS_VIRTEX4register is programmed through the Bitstream with a command that writes a series of 32-Bitwords.
SRAM-based FPGAs are non-volatile devices. Upon powerup, They are required to be programmed from an external source. This procedure allows anyone to easily monitor the Bit-stream, and clone the device. The problem then becomes how can you effectively protect your intellectual property from others in an architecture where the part is externally programmed?
各種功能的計數器實例（VHDL源代碼）:ENTITY counters IS
PORT
(
d : IN INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
clk : IN Bit;
clear : IN Bit;
ld : IN Bit;
enable : IN Bit;
up_down : IN Bit;
qa : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qb : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qc : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qd : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qe : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qf : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qg : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qh : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
qi : OUT INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 255;
特點 最高輸入頻率 10KHz 計數速度 50/10000脈波/秒可選擇 四種輸入模式可選擇(加算,減算,加減算,90度相位差加減算) 90度相位差加減算具有提高解析度4倍功能 輸入脈波具有預設刻度功能 計數暫時停止功能 3組報警功能 15Bit類比輸出功能 數位RS-485界面 2:主要規格 脈波輸入型式: Jump-pin selectable current sourcing(NPN) or current sinking (PNP) 脈波觸發電位: HI bias (CMOS) (VIH=7.5V, VIL=5.5V) LO bias (TTL) (VIH=3.7V, VIL=2.0V) 最高輸入頻率: <10KHz (up,down,up/down mode) <3KHz (quadrature mode) 輸出動作時間 : 0.1 to 99.9 second adjustable 輸出復歸方式: Manual(N) or automatic (R or C) can be modif 繼電器容量: AC 250V-5A, DC 30V-7A 顯示值范圍: -199999 to 999999 類比輸出解析度: 15 Bit DAC 輸出反應速度: < 1/f+10ms(0-90%) 輸出負載能力: < 10mA for voltage mode < 10V for current mode <[(V+)-7.5V]/20mA for two-wire mode 輸出之漣波: < 0.1% F.S. 通訊位址: "01"-"FF" 傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective 通信協議: Modbus RTU mode 顯示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 14.22mm (.56") 參數設定方式: Touch switches 感應器電源: 12VDC +/-3%(<60mA) 記憶方式: Non-volatile E2PROM memory 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power) 1600Vdc (input/output) 使用環境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer operations. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be operational when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed operation. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download operations.The Bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kBit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical Bit rate of83 kBit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
