對于PID初學者頗有指導，將偏差的比例（Proportion）、積分（INTEGRAL）和微分（Differential）通過線性組合構成控制量， 用這一控制量對被控對象進行控制，這樣的控制器稱 PID 控制器。
標簽： PID
上傳時間： 2016-04-27
上傳用戶：547453159
pid控制 #ifndef _PID_H #ifndef _PID_H #ifdef _PID_C #define PID_EXT #else #define PID_EXT extern #endif typedef struct PID { int SetPoint; unsigned char BitMove; float Proportion; float INTEGRAL; float Derivative; int iError; int iIncpid; int LastError; int PrevError; int Uk; }PID,*pPID; PID_EXT PID sPID; PID_EXT pPID sptr; void IncPIDInit(void); int IncPIDCalc(int NextPoint); #endif
上傳時間： 2019-08-02
上傳用戶：stcwzy
The Internet of Things is considered to be the next big opportunity, and challenge, for the Internet engineering community, users of technology, companies and society as a whole. It involves connecting embedded devices such as sensors, home appliances, weather stations and even toys to Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. The number of IP-enabled embedded devices is increasing rapidly, and although hard to estimate, will surely outnumber the number of personal computers (PCs) and servers in the future. With the advances made over the past decade in microcontroller,low-power radio, battery and microelectronic technology, the trend in the industry is for smart embedded devices (called smart objects) to become IP-enabled, and an INTEGRAL part of the latest services on the Internet. These services are no longer cyber, just including data created by humans, but are to become very connected to the physical world around us by including sensor data, the monitoring and control of machines, and other kinds of physical context. We call this latest frontier of the Internet, consisting of wireless low-power embedded devices, the Wireless Embedded Internet. Applications that this new frontier of the Internet enable are critical to the sustainability, efficiency and safety of society and include home and building automation, healthcare, energy efficiency, smart grids and environmental monitoring to name just a few.
標簽： Embedded Internet Wireless 6LoWPAN The
上傳時間： 2020-05-26
上傳用戶：shancjb
Device-to-device(D2D) communications are now considered as an INTEGRAL part of future 5G networks which will enable direct communication between user equipment (UE) without unnecessary routing via the network infrastructure. This architecture will result in higher throughputs than conventional cellular networks, but with the increased potential for co-channel interference induced by randomly located cellular and D2D UEs.
標簽： Device-to-Device Communications Analysis of
上傳時間： 2020-05-26
上傳用戶：shancjb
In this chapter we give a quick overview of control theory, explaining why INTEGRAL feedback control works, describing PID controllers, and summariz- ing some of the currently available techniques for PID controller design. This background will serve to motivate our results on PID control, pre- sented in the subsequent chapters.
標簽： Controllers Time-Delay Systems PID for
上傳時間： 2020-06-10
上傳用戶：shancjb
%this is an example demonstrating the Radial Basis Function %if you select a RBF that supports it (Gausian, or 1st or 3rd order %polyharmonic spline), this also calculates a line INTEGRAL between two %points.
上傳時間： 2021-07-02
上傳用戶：19800358905
以單片機控制A/D轉換器TLC549為例,對A/D轉換器的主要技術指標進行了分析研究,在Proteus平臺下,完成了A/D轉換電路的構建,采用器件工作時序方式進行程序編寫,借助仿真圖表、虛擬儀器等工具對A/D轉換的數據進行測量并對失調誤差、增益誤差、微分非線性、積分非線性和轉換時間等重要參數進行了詳細分析。結果表明:使用Proteus軟件可對A/D轉換過程進行定性分析,將抽象的A/D轉換器技術指標直觀化、形象化展現出來,有助于學生更好地理解A/D轉換過程。The main technical indicators of A/D converter were analyzed and studied with an example from A/D converter TLC2543 which is controlled by using SCM.It was completed the construction of the A/D converter circuit under the Proteus software.The programming based on the operation sequence of the chip is put forward.With the aid of the simulation tools such as virtual instrument,simulation charts provided by Proteus,the important parameters of circuit such as offset error,gain error,differential nonlinearity(DNL),INTEGRAL nonlinearity (INL) and conversion time are analyzed detailedly.Simulation results show that the A/D conversion process can be qualitatively analyzed and visualized the abstract indicators of A/D.The system can help students better to understand the SCM conversion process.
上傳時間： 2022-04-04
上傳用戶：
首先介紹一下原理，其實很簡單，磁力對懸浮物的控制，其基本原理是：霍爾傳感器在浮子的正下方，當檢測到浮子向左運動時，兩邊的線圈一個吸一個拉，把它推向右；反之如果浮子想右運動，那么兩個線圈的電流都反向，總共兩組共四個這樣的線圈，就可以把浮子限制在二維平面之內了。但是線圈產生的力是比較小的，因此只能夠推動浮子在水平面移動，要克服浮子的重力讓它懸浮起來，就要在四個線圈下面再加一個大的環形磁鐵提供斥力。為了讓懸浮更加穩定，我們采用了PID控制的平衡算法，對PID算法的了解有助于我們對整個實驗原理的理解，借用網上對PID的一段介紹：在工程實際中，PID控制是應用最為廣泛的調節器控制機制。PID控制中得P代表比例，即proportion；I代表積分，即INTEGRAL；D代表微分，即differential；因此，PID控制，即比例-積分-微分控制。當被控對象的結構和參數不能完全掌握，或者得不到精確的數學模型時，其他的控制方法難以采用，那么控制器的結構和參數必須結合經驗和現場調試來決定，在這種情況下采用PID調節最為方便。首先，比例控制是一種最簡單的控制方式，就像胡克公式中的比例系數一樣，當控制器的輸出與輸入信號成比例關系，那么就可以得到一個比例系數。其次，積分控制是指控制器的輸出與輸入的誤差信號的積分有關。就如同電路中的電感元件，某個時刻的電壓與電流的積分有關。類似的，有時候信號的輸出必須綜合之前信號的輸入，而這種綜合往往是求和關系，因此使用積分控制簡單易行。最后，微分控制是指控制器的輸出與輸入信號的微分有關。最簡單的微分關系就是速度是位矢的微分。我們在控制懸浮物的平衡時，光知道懸浮物偏離平衡位置的位移從而采用比例控制是不夠的，對于同樣的偏離位移，懸浮物可能有不同的速度，那么要求我們對懸浮物有不同的處理方法，而恰恰速度是位矢的微分，于是我們可以通過對位移輸入數據進行微分操作，來實現對懸浮物的精確實時控制。可見，PID控制器是一種那個動態的控制機制。 以上就是實現下推式磁懸浮的基本原理，借助以上的基本原理，結合一定的軟件算法實現，我們就可以對懸浮物進行動態控制。
上傳時間： 2022-06-07
上傳用戶：canderile
本應用筆記介紹一種采用dsPIC數字信號控制器（Digital Signal Controller，DSC）或PIC24單片機來實現無刷直流（Brushless Direct Current，BLDC）電機無傳感器控制的算法。該算法利用對反電動勢（Back-Electromotive Force，BEMF）進行數字濾波的擇多函數來實現。通過對電機的每一相進行濾波來確定電機驅動電壓換相的時刻。這一控制技術省卻了分立的低通濾波硬件和片外比較器。需指出，這里論述的所有內容及應用軟件，都是假定使用三相電機。該電機控制算法包括四個主要部分：·利用DSC或單片機的模數轉換器（Analog-to-Digital Converter，ADC）來采樣梯形波BEMF信號·PWM導通側ADC采樣，以降低噪聲并解決低電感問題·將梯形波BEMF信號與VBUS/2進行比較，以檢測過零點·用擇多函數濾波器對比較結果信號進行濾波·以三種不同模式對電機驅動電壓進行換相：-傳統開環控制器·傳統閉環控制器比例-積分（Proportional-INTEGRAL，Pl）閉環控制器
標簽： BLDC
上傳時間： 2022-07-01
上傳用戶：
#nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#銷nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint；//設定目標 Desired Value unsigned int Proportion；//比例常數Proportional Const unsigned int INTEGRAL；//積分常數INTEGRAL Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常數Derivative Const unsigned int LastError；//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError；//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError；//Sums of Errors struct PID spid；//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout；//PID Response（Output）unsigned int rin://PID Feedback（Input）sbit data1=P100；sbit clk=P141；sbit plus=P240；sbit subs=P241：sbit stop=P22；sbit output=P34；sbit DQ=P33；unsigned char flag，flag_1=0；unsigned char high_time，low_time，.count=0，/占空比調節參數unsigned char set_temper=35；unsigned char temper；unsigned chari：unsigned charj=0；unsigned ints；
上傳時間： 2022-07-02
上傳用戶：xsr1983
