Verilog_HDL的基本語法詳解(夏宇聞版):Verilog HDL是一種用于數字邏輯電路設計的語言。用Verilog HDL描述的電路設計就是該電路的Verilog HDL模型。Verilog HDL既是一種行為描述的語言也是一種結構描述的語言。這也就是說,既可以用電路的功能描述也可以用元器件和它們之間的連接來建立所設計電路的Verilog HDL模型。Verilog模型可以是實際電路的不同級別的抽象。這些抽象的級別和它們對應的模型類型共有以下五種: 系統級(system):用高級語言結構實現設計模塊的外部性能的模型。 算法級(algorithm):用高級語言結構實現設計算法的模型。 RTL級(Register Transfer Level):描述數據在寄存器之間流動和如何處理這些數據的模型。 門級(gate-level):描述邏輯門以及邏輯門之間的連接的模型。 開關級(switch-level):描述器件中三極管和儲存節點以及它們之間連接的模型。 一個復雜電路系統的完整Verilog HDL模型是由若干個Verilog HDL模塊構成的,每一個模塊又可以由若干個子模塊構成。其中有些模塊需要綜合成具體電路,而有些模塊只是與用戶所設計的模塊交互的現存電路或激勵信號源。利用Verilog HDL語言結構所提供的這種功能就可以構造一個模塊間的清晰層次結構來描述極其復雜的大型設計,并對所作設計的邏輯電路進行嚴格的驗證。 Verilog HDL行為描述語言作為一種結構化和過程性的語言,其語法結構非常適合于算法級和RTL級的模型設計。這種行為描述語言具有以下功能: · 可描述順序執行或并行執行的程序結構。 · 用延遲表達式或事件表達式來明確地控制過程的啟動時間。 · 通過命名的事件來觸發其它過程里的激活行為或停止行為。 · 提供了條件、if-else、case、循環程序結構。 · 提供了可帶參數且非零延續時間的任務(task)程序結構。 · 提供了可定義新的操作符的函數結構(function)。 · 提供了用于建立表達式的算術運算符、邏輯運算符、位運算符。 · Verilog HDL語言作為一種結構化的語言也非常適合于門級和開關級的模型設計。因其結構化的特點又使它具有以下功能: - 提供了完整的一套組合型原語(primitive); - 提供了雙向通路和電阻器件的原語; - 可建立MOS器件的電荷分享和電荷衰減動態模型。 Verilog HDL的構造性語句可以精確地建立信號的模型。這是因為在Verilog HDL中,提供了延遲和輸出強度的原語來建立精確程度很高的信號模型。信號值可以有不同的的強度,可以通過設定寬范圍的模糊值來降低不確定條件的影響。 Verilog HDL作為一種高級的硬件描述編程語言,有著類似C語言的風格。其中有許多語句如:if語句、case語句等和C語言中的對應語句十分相似。如果讀者已經掌握C語言編程的基礎,那么學習Verilog HDL并不困難,我們只要對Verilog HDL某些語句的特殊方面著重理解,并加強上機練習就能很好地掌握它,利用它的強大功能來設計復雜的數字邏輯電路。下面我們將對Verilog HDL中的基本語法逐一加以介紹。
標簽: Verilog_HDL
上傳時間: 2014-12-04
上傳用戶:cppersonal
第一步,拿到一塊PCB,首先在紙上記錄好所有元氣件的型號,參數,以及位置,尤其是二極管,三極管的方向,IC缺口的方向。最好用數碼相機拍兩張元氣件位置的照片。 第二步,拆掉所有器件,并且將PAD孔里的錫去掉。用酒精將PCB清洗干凈,然后放入掃描儀內,啟動POHTOSHOP,用彩色方式將絲印面掃入,并打印出來備用。 第三步,用水紗紙將TOP LAYER 和BOTTOM LAYER兩層輕微打磨,打磨到銅膜發亮,放入掃描儀,啟動PHOTOSHOP,用彩色方式將兩層分別掃入。注意,PCB在掃描儀內擺放一定要橫平樹直,否則掃描的圖象就無法使用,掃描儀分辨率請選為600。 需要的朋友請下載哦!
上傳時間: 2014-03-04
上傳用戶:tianming222
Introduction to Xilinx Packaging Electronic packages are interconnectable housings for semiconductor devices. The major functions of the electronic packages are to provide electrical interconnections between the IC and the board and to efficiently remove heat generated by the device. Feature sizes are constantly shrinking, resulting in increased number of transistors being packed into the device. Today's submicron technology is also enabling large-scale functional integration and system-on-a-chip solutions. In order to keep pace with these new advancements in silicon technologies, semiconductor packages have also evolved to provide improved device functionality and performance. Feature size at the device level is driving package feature sizes down to the design rules of the early transistors. To meet these demands, electronic packages must be flexible to address high pin counts, reduced pitch and form factor requirements. At the same time,packages must be reliable and cost effective.
上傳時間: 2013-11-21
上傳用戶:不懂夜的黑
TOP/BOTTOM SOLDER(頂層/底層阻焊綠油層):頂層/底層敷設阻焊綠油,以防止銅箔上錫,保持絕緣。在焊盤、過孔及本層非電氣走線處阻焊綠油開窗。
上傳時間: 2013-11-04
上傳用戶:sy_jiadeyi
The introduction of Spartan-3™ devices has createdmultiple changes in the evolution of embedded controldesigns and pushed processing capabilities to the “almostfreestage.” With these new FPGAs falling under $20, involume, with over 1 million system gates, and under $5for 100K gate-level units, any design with programmablelogic has a readily available 8- or 16-bit processor costingless than 75 cents and 32-bit processor for less than $1.50.
上傳時間: 2013-10-21
上傳用戶:ligi201200
WP409利用Xilinx FPGA打造出高端比特精度和周期精度浮點DSP算法實現方案: High-Level Implementation of Bit- and Cycle-Accurate Floating-Point DSP Algorithms with Xilinx FPGAs
上傳時間: 2013-10-21
上傳用戶:huql11633
In this paper, we discuss efficient coding and design styles using verilog. This can beimmensely helpful for any digital designer initiating designs. Here, we address different problems rangingfrom RTL-Gate Level simulation mismatch to race conditions in writing behavioral models. All theseproblems are accompanied by an example to have a better idea, and these can be taken care off if thesecoding guidelines are followed. Discussion of all the techniques is beyond the scope of this paper, however,here we try to cover a few of them.
標簽: Efficient Verilog Digital Coding
上傳時間: 2013-11-23
上傳用戶:我干你啊
This document was developed under the Standard Hardware and Reliability Program (SHARP) TechnologyIndependent Representation of Electronic Products (TIREP) project. It is intended for use by VHSIC HardwareDescription Language (VHDL) design engineers and is offered as guidance for the development of VHDL modelswhich are compliant with the VHDL Data Item Description (DID DI-EGDS-80811) and which can be providedto manufacturing engineering personnel for the development of production data and the subsequent productionof hardware. Most VHDL modeling performed to date has been concentrated at either the component level orat the conceptual system level. The assembly and sub-assembly levels have been largely disregarded. Under theSHARP TIREP project, an attempt has been made to help close this gap. The TIREP models are based upon lowcomplexity Standard Electronic Modules (SEM) of the format A configuration. Although these modules are quitesimple, it is felt that the lessons learned offer guidance which can readily be applied to a wide range of assemblytypes and complexities.
上傳時間: 2013-11-20
上傳用戶:pzw421125
FPGAs have changed dramatically since Xilinx first introduced them just 15 years ago. In thepast, FPGA were primarily used for prototyping and lower volume applications; custom ASICswere used for high volume, cost sensitive designs. FPGAs had also been too expensive and tooslow for many applications, let alone for System Level Integration (SLI). Plus, the development
標簽: Methodology Design Reuse FPGA
上傳時間: 2013-11-01
上傳用戶:shawvi
我采用XC4VSX35或XC4VLX25 FPGA來連接DDR2 SODIMM和元件。SODIMM內存條選用MT16HTS51264HY-667(4GB),分立器件選用8片MT47H512M8。設計目標:當客戶使用內存條時,8片分立器件不焊接;當使用直接貼片分立內存顆粒時,SODIMM內存條不安裝。請問專家:1、在設計中,先用Xilinx MIG工具生成DDR2的Core后,管腳約束文件是否還可更改?若能更改,則必須要滿足什么條件下更改?生成的約束文件中,ADDR,data之間是否能調換? 2、對DDR2數據、地址和控制線路的匹配要注意些什么?通過兩只100歐的電阻分別連接到1.8V和GND進行匹配 和 通過一只49.9歐的電阻連接到0.9V進行匹配,哪種匹配方式更好? 3、V4中,PCB LayOut時,DDR2線路阻抗單端為50歐,差分為100歐?Hyperlynx仿真時,那些參數必須要達到那些指標DDR2-667才能正常工作? 4、 若使用DDR2-667的SODIMM內存條,能否降速使用?比如降速到DDR2-400或更低頻率使用? 5、板卡上有SODIMM的插座,又有8片內存顆粒,則物理上兩部分是連在一起的,若實際使用時,只安裝內存條或只安裝8片內存顆粒,是否會造成信號完成性的影響?若有影響,如何控制? 6、SODIMM內存條(max:4GB)能否和8片分立器件(max:4GB)組合同時使用,構成一個(max:8GB)的DDR2單元?若能,則布線阻抗和FPGA的DCI如何控制?地址和控制線的TOP圖應該怎樣? 7、DDR2和FPGA(VREF pin)的參考電壓0.9V的實際工作電流有多大?工作時候,DDR2芯片是否很燙,一般如何考慮散熱? 8、由于多層板疊層的問題,可能頂層和中間層的銅箔不一樣后,中間的夾層后度不一樣時,也可能造成阻抗的不同。請教DDR2-667的SODIMM在8層板上的推進疊層?
上傳時間: 2013-10-21
上傳用戶:jjq719719