DescriptionThe IMX385LQR-C is a diagonal 8.35 mm (Type 1/2) CMOS active pixel type solid-state image sensor with a squarepixel array and 2.13 M effective pixels. This chip operates with analog 3.3 V, digital 1.2 V, and interface 1.8 V triplepower supply, and has low power consumption. High sensitivity, low dark current and no smear are achieved throughthe adoption of R, G and B primary color mosaic filters. This chip features an electronic shutter with variablecharge-integration time.(Applications: Surveillance cameras)
sony CMOS傳感器datasheet，IMX178LQJ-C_Data_SheetDescriptionThe IMX178LQJ-C is a diagonal 8.92 mm (Type 1/1.8) CMOS active pixel type image sensor with a square pixelarray and 6.44 M effective pixels. This chip operates with analog 2.9 V, digital 1.2 V and interface 1.8 V triple powersupply, and has low power consumption.High sensitivity, low dark current and no smear are achieved through the adoption of R, G and B primary colormosaic filters.This chip features an electronic shutter with variable charge-integration time.(Applications: Surveillance cameras, FA cameras, Industrial cameras)
為了滿足一些重要用電設(shè)備的連續(xù)供電，對電網(wǎng)供電提出了更高的要求。為此，引入一種新型UPS是不間斷電源（uninterruptible power system）的英文簡稱，是能夠提供持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、不間斷的電源供應(yīng)的重要外部設(shè)備。UPS先將交流電直流成直流電，一路給蓄電池充電，一路經(jīng)逆變器變成恒壓恒頻的交流電，不論是市電供電還是斷電由電池供電，總是通過逆變系統(tǒng)提供電力，因而市電停電或來電時無任何轉(zhuǎn)換間斷，市電的干擾也完全不影響到UPS的輸出端，另外，UPS提供的電力為純凈的正弦波交流電，適用的負載范圍寬，可以為多種精密用電設(shè)備提供穩(wěn)定的不間斷電源，此外，UPS的優(yōu)點還在于它的零轉(zhuǎn)換時間以及高質(zhì)量的輸出電源品質(zhì)，因此它更適合于一些關(guān)鍵性的應(yīng)用場合.UPS由于其工作方式是先對電池充電，然后再由逆變器將電池的電能逆變成交流，因此在電能的轉(zhuǎn)化過程中有一部分電能將被損失掉。電子技術(shù)是根據(jù)電子學(xué)的原理，運用電子器件設(shè)計和制造某種特定功能的電路以解決實際問題的科學(xué)，包括信息電子技術(shù)和電力電子技術(shù)兩大分支。信息電子技術(shù)包括Analog（模擬）電子技術(shù)和Digital（數(shù)字）電子技術(shù)。電子技術(shù)是對電子信號進行處理的技術(shù)，處理的方式主要有：信號的發(fā)生、放大、濾波、轉(zhuǎn)換。現(xiàn)代電力電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，是從以低頻技術(shù)處理問題為主的傳統(tǒng)電力電子學(xué)，向以高頻技術(shù)處理問題為主的現(xiàn)代電力電子學(xué)方向轉(zhuǎn)變。電力電子技術(shù)起始于五十年代末六十年代初的硅整流器件，其發(fā)展先后經(jīng)歷了整流器時代、逆變器時代和變頻器時代，并促進了電力電子技術(shù)在許多新領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。八十年代末期和九十年代初期發(fā)展起來的、以功率MOSFET和IGBT為代表的、集高頻、高壓和大電流于一身的功率半導(dǎo)體復(fù)合器件，表明傳統(tǒng)電力電子技術(shù)已經(jīng)進入現(xiàn)代電力電子時代。
INTRODUCTION In the past, adding speech recording and playback capability to a product meant using a digital signal processor or a specialized audio chip. Now, using a simplified Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation(ADPCM) algorithm, these audio capabilities can be added to any PICmicro device. This application note will cover the ADPCM compression and decompression algorithms, performance comparison of all PICmicro devices, and an application using a PIC16C72 micro-controller.DEFINITION OF TERMS step size -value of the step used for quantization of ana-log signals and inverse quantization of a number of steps.quantization -the digital form of an analog input signal is represented by a finite number of steps.adaptive quantization -the step size of a quantizer is dramatically changed with time in order to adapt to a changing input signal.inverse quantizer -a finite number of steps is converted into a digital representation of an analog signal.
隨著半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的發(fā)展，模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器（Analog to Digital Converter，ADC）作為模擬與數(shù)字接口電路的關(guān)鍵模塊，對性能的要求越來越高。為了滿足這些要求，模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器正朝著低功耗、高分辨率和高速度方向快速發(fā)展。在磁盤驅(qū)動器讀取通道、測試設(shè)備、纖維光接收器前端和日期通信鏈路等高性能系統(tǒng)中，高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器是最重要的結(jié)構(gòu)單元。因此，對模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器的性能，尤其是速度的要求與日俱增，甚至是決定系統(tǒng)性能的關(guān)鍵因素。在分析各種結(jié)構(gòu)的高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器的基礎(chǔ)上，本文設(shè)計了一個分辨率為6位，采樣時鐘為1GS/s的超高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器。本設(shè)計采用的是最適合應(yīng)用于超高速A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的全并行結(jié)構(gòu)，整個結(jié)構(gòu)是由分壓電阻階梯，電壓比較器，數(shù)字編碼電路三部分組成。在電路設(shè)計過程中，主要從以下幾個方面進行分析和改進：采用了無采樣/保持電路的全并行結(jié)構(gòu)；在預(yù)放大電路中，使用交叉耦合對晶體管作為負載來降低輸入電容和增加放大電路的帶寬，從而提高比較器的比較速度和信噪比；在比較器的輸出端采用時鐘控制的自偏置差分放大器作為輸出緩沖級，使得比較輸出結(jié)果能快速轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字電平，以此來提高ADC的轉(zhuǎn)換速度；在編碼電路上，先將比較器輸出的溫度計碼轉(zhuǎn)換成格雷碼，再把格雷碼轉(zhuǎn)換成二進制碼，這樣進一步提高ADC的轉(zhuǎn)換速度和減少誤碼率。
This example shows how you can use signal functions in the Visiondebugger to simulate a signal that is coming into one of the analog inputs of the LPC21xx.The Measure example is described in detail in the Getting StartedUser's Guide.The MEASURE example program is available for several targets:Simulator: uVision Simulator for LPC2129MCB2100: Keil MCB2100 evaluation board with ULINK debugger - Application is loaded to internal Flash. - Switch S2 (INT1) is used as GPIO and sampled (jumper positions: J1= off, J7= on) - potentiometer POT1 is sampled as AIN0 (jumper position: J2= on) - serial port COM1 parameters: 9600 baud, no parity, 8-bits, 1 stop bit, flow control noneMCB2130: Keil MCB2130 evaluation board with ULINK debugger - Application is loaded to internal Flash. - Switch S2 (INT1) is used as GPIO and sampled (jumper positions: J1= off, J7= on) - potentiometer POT1 is sampled as AIN1 (jumper position: J2= on) - serial port COM1 parameters: 9600 baud, no parity, 8-bits, 1 stop bit, flow control none
本應(yīng)用筆記介紹一種采用dsPIC數(shù)字信號控制器（Digital Signal Controller，DSC）或PIC24單片機來實現(xiàn)無刷直流（Brushless Direct Current，BLDC）電機無傳感器控制的算法。該算法利用對反電動勢（Back-Electromotive Force，BEMF）進行數(shù)字濾波的擇多函數(shù)來實現(xiàn)。通過對電機的每一相進行濾波來確定電機驅(qū)動電壓換相的時刻。這一控制技術(shù)省卻了分立的低通濾波硬件和片外比較器。需指出，這里論述的所有內(nèi)容及應(yīng)用軟件，都是假定使用三相電機。該電機控制算法包括四個主要部分：·利用DSC或單片機的模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器（Analog-to-Digital Converter，ADC）來采樣梯形波BEMF信號·PWM導(dǎo)通側(cè)ADC采樣，以降低噪聲并解決低電感問題·將梯形波BEMF信號與VBUS/2進行比較，以檢測過零點·用擇多函數(shù)濾波器對比較結(jié)果信號進行濾波·以三種不同模式對電機驅(qū)動電壓進行換相：-傳統(tǒng)開環(huán)控制器·傳統(tǒng)閉環(huán)控制器比例-積分（Proportional-Integral，Pl）閉環(huán)控制器
