The exacting technological demands created byincreasing bandwidth requirements have given riseto significant advances in FPGA technology thatenable engineers to successfully incorporate highspeedI/O interfaces in their designs. One aspect ofdesign that plays an increasingly important role isthat of the FPGA package. As the interfaces get fasterand wider, choosing the right package has becomeone of the key considerations for the systemdesigner.
上傳時間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：1234xhb
The SDI standards are the predominant standards for uncompressed digital videointerfaces in the broadcast studio and video production center. The first SDI standard,SD-SDI, allowed standard-definition digital video to be transported over the coaxial cableinfrastructure initially installed in studios to carry analog video. Next, HD-SDI wasto support high-definition video. Finally, dual link HD-SDI and 3G-SDIdoubled the bandwidth of HD-SDI to support 1080p (50 Hz and 60 Hz) and other videoformats requiring more bandwidth than HD-SDI provides.
上傳時間： 2013-10-08
上傳用戶：yjj631
Xilinx Next Generation 28 nm FPGA Technology Overview Xilinx has chosen 28 nm high-κ metal gate (HKMG) highperformance,low-power process technology and combined it with a new unified ASMBL™ architecture to create a new generation of FPGAs that offer lower power and higher performance. These devices enable unprecedented levels of integration and bandwidth and provide system architects and designers a fully programmable alternative to ASSPs and ASICs.
上傳時間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：zhang97080564
很多不同的廠家生產(chǎn)各種型號的計算機，它們運行完全不同的操作系統(tǒng)，但TCP.IP協(xié)議族允許它們互相進行通信。這一點很讓人感到吃驚，因為它的作用已遠遠超出了起初的設(shè)想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個分組交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究項目，到9 0年代已發(fā)展成為計算機之間最常應(yīng)用的組網(wǎng)形式。它是一個真正的開放系統(tǒng)，因為協(xié)議族的定義及其多種實現(xiàn)可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”或“因特網(wǎng)(Internet)”的基礎(chǔ)，該廣域網(wǎng)（WA N）已包含超過1 0 0萬臺遍布世界各地的計算機。本章主要對T C P / I P協(xié)議族進行概述，其目的是為本書其余章節(jié)提供充分的背景知識。 TCP.IP協(xié)議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認標志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應(yīng)用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協(xié)議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠景研究規(guī)劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統(tǒng) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標準碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規(guī)則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導(dǎo)程序協(xié)議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環(huán)冗余檢驗 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數(shù)據(jù)電路端接設(shè)備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態(tài)主機配置協(xié)議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統(tǒng) DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務(wù)訪問點 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數(shù)字用戶線接入復(fù)用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時間服務(wù) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協(xié)議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網(wǎng) EOL (End of Option List) 選項清單結(jié)束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業(yè)協(xié)會 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結(jié)束標志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協(xié)議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協(xié)議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結(jié)構(gòu)委員會 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號分配機構(gòu) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報文協(xié)議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協(xié)議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) （美國）電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導(dǎo)小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協(xié)議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報文存取協(xié)議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統(tǒng)到中間系統(tǒng)協(xié)議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標準化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協(xié)會 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網(wǎng) LBX (Low bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協(xié)議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長肥網(wǎng)絡(luò) LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網(wǎng) MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網(wǎng) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報文段最大生存時間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報文段長度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制協(xié)議 NFS (Network File System) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng) NIC (Network Information Center) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口栓（S u n公司的一個程序） NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳送協(xié)議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學(xué)天文臺 NOP (No Operation) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學(xué)基金網(wǎng)絡(luò) NSI (NASA Science Internet) （美國）國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時間協(xié)議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統(tǒng)互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優(yōu)先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統(tǒng)接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點對點協(xié)議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協(xié)議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔，其中的少部分成為標準文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協(xié)議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠程過程調(diào)用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復(fù)位標志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協(xié)議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結(jié)構(gòu) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡單郵件傳送協(xié)議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務(wù)訪問點 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號標志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協(xié)議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡單文件傳送協(xié)議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠程終端協(xié)議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協(xié)調(diào)的統(tǒng)一時間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復(fù)制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網(wǎng) WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網(wǎng) XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數(shù)據(jù)表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務(wù)標識符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運輸層接口
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：tdyoung
在現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)中，電話語音的頻帶被限制在300 Hz～4 kHz的范圍內(nèi)，帶來了語音可懂度和自然度的降低。為了在不增加額外成本的前提下提高語音的可懂度和自然度，進行了電話語音頻帶擴展的研究。提出了一種改進的基于碼本映射的語音帶寬擴展算法：在碼本映射的過程中，使用加權(quán)系數(shù)來得到映射碼本。客觀測試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語音的譜失真度比用一般的碼本映射降低至少2%。主觀測試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語音具有更好的可懂度和自然度。 Abstract: In modern communication systems， the bandwidth of telephone speech is limited from 300Hz to 4 kHz， which reduces the intelligibility and naturalness of speech. Telephone speech bandwidth extension is researched to get wideband speech and to improve its intelligibility and naturalness， without increasing extra costs. This paper put forward an improved algorithm of speech bandwidth extension based on codebook mapping. In the process of codebook mapping， weighted coefficients were used to get mapping codebook. Objective tests show that spectral distortion of wideband speech obtained by this algorithm reduces at least 2%， comparing to conditional codebook mapping. Subjective tests show that the wideband speech obtained by this algorithm has better intelligibility and naturalness.
上傳時間： 2014-12-29
上傳用戶：15501536189
為了能夠滿足基站易于選址、優(yōu)質(zhì)快速的建站要求和易維護、低成本、高可靠的運行要求，本文對以方艙來實現(xiàn)一體化結(jié)構(gòu)基站做出一番探討。從系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的觀點闡述了移動通信高性能基站天線設(shè)計的幾個關(guān)鍵問題，介紹了智能天線技術(shù)在基站中的應(yīng)用，并且用HFSS軟件仿真了一種新型的對稱陣子天線，該天線駐波比小于2的帶寬可以達到60%，具有良好的寬頻帶特性。 Abstract: In order to meet the station construction requirement of easy site selection and fast base station， and meet the operational requirement of easy maintenance， low cost and high reliability， this paper discussed the unified architecture base station using shelter. Several key problems of high performance mobile communication base station antenna were illustrated from the view of system design， the application of smart antenna in base station was also introduced. And a novel dipole antenna was simulated by using HFSS， the VSWR of the antenna is less than 2， and the bandwidth was reach to 60%. So it has good broadband properties.
標簽： 智能天線 基站 中的應(yīng)用
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：linlin
中文版詳情瀏覽：http://www.elecfans.com/emb/fpga/20130715324029.html Xilinx UltraScale:The Next-Generation Architecture for Your Next-Generation Architecture The Xilinx® UltraScale™ architecture delivers unprecedented levels of integration and capability with ASIC-class system- level performance for the most demanding applications. The UltraScale architecture is the industr y's f irst application of leading-edge ASIC architectural enhancements in an All Programmable architecture that scales from 20 nm planar through 16 nm FinFET technologies and beyond, in addition to scaling from monolithic through 3D ICs. Through analytical co-optimization with the X ilinx V ivado® Design Suite, the UltraScale architecture provides massive routing capacity while intelligently resolving typical bottlenecks in ways never before possible. This design synergy achieves greater than 90% utilization with no performance degradation. Some of the UltraScale architecture breakthroughs include: • Strategic placement (virtually anywhere on the die) of ASIC-like system clocks, reducing clock skew by up to 50% • Latency-producing pipelining is virtually unnecessary in systems with massively parallel bus architecture, increasing system speed and capability • Potential timing-closure problems and interconnect bottlenecks are eliminated, even in systems requiring 90% or more resource utilization • 3D IC integration makes it possible to build larger devices one process generation ahead of the current industr y standard • Greatly increased system performance, including multi-gigabit serial transceivers, I/O, and memor y bandwidth is available within even smaller system power budgets • Greatly enhanced DSP and packet handling The Xilinx UltraScale architecture opens up whole new dimensions for designers of ultra-high-capacity solutions.
標簽： UltraScale Xilinx 架構(gòu)
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：wxqman
This application note describes how the existing dual-port block memories in the Spartan™-IIand Virtex™ families can be used as Quad-Port memories. This essentially involves a dataaccess time (halved) versus functionality (doubled) trade-off. The overall bandwidth of the blockmemory in terms of bits per second will remain the same.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：15527161163
The exacting technological demands created byincreasing bandwidth requirements have given riseto significant advances in FPGA technology thatenable engineers to successfully incorporate highspeedI/O interfaces in their designs. One aspect ofdesign that plays an increasingly important role isthat of the FPGA package. As the interfaces get fasterand wider, choosing the right package has becomeone of the key considerations for the systemdesigner.
上傳時間： 2013-11-07
上傳用戶：wanghui2438
The SDI standards are the predominant standards for uncompressed digital videointerfaces in the broadcast studio and video production center. The first SDI standard,SD-SDI, allowed standard-definition digital video to be transported over the coaxial cableinfrastructure initially installed in studios to carry analog video. Next, HD-SDI wasto support high-definition video. Finally, dual link HD-SDI and 3G-SDIdoubled the bandwidth of HD-SDI to support 1080p (50 Hz and 60 Hz) and other videoformats requiring more bandwidth than HD-SDI provides.
上傳時間： 2013-12-08
上傳用戶：liansi
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