ARM處理器的工作模式 ARM處理器狀態(tài) ARM微處理器的工作狀態(tài)一般有兩種,并可在兩種狀態(tài)之間切換:第一種為ARM狀態(tài),此時處理器執(zhí)行32位的字對齊的ARM指令;第二種為Thumb狀態(tài),此時處理器執(zhí)行16位的、半字對齊的Thumb指令。在程序的執(zhí)行過程中,微處理器可以隨時在兩種工作狀態(tài)之間切換,并且,處理器工作狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變并不影響處理器的工作模式和相應(yīng)寄存器中的內(nèi)容。但ARM微處理器在開始執(zhí)行代碼時,應(yīng)該處于ARM狀態(tài)。 ARM處理器狀態(tài) 進(jìn)入Thumb狀態(tài):當(dāng)操作數(shù)寄存器的狀態(tài)位(位0)為1時,可以采用執(zhí)行BX指令的方法,使微處理器從ARM狀態(tài)切換到Thumb狀態(tài)。此外,當(dāng)處理器處于Thumb狀態(tài)時發(fā)生異常(如IRQ、FIQ、Undef、Abort、SWI等),則異常處理返回時,自動切換到Thumb狀態(tài)。 進(jìn)入ARM狀態(tài):當(dāng)操作數(shù)寄存器的狀態(tài)位為0時,執(zhí)行BX指令時可以使微處理器從Thumb狀態(tài)切換到ARM狀態(tài)。此外,在處理器進(jìn)行異常處理時,把PC指針放入異常模式鏈接寄存器中,并從異常向量地址開始執(zhí)行程序,也可以使處理器切換到ARM狀態(tài)。ARM處理器模式 ARM微處理器支持7種運行模式,分別為:用戶模式(usr):ARM處理器正常的程序執(zhí)行狀態(tài)。快速中斷模式(fiq):用于高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸或通道處理。外部中斷模式(irq):用于通用的中斷處理。管理模式(svc):操作系統(tǒng)使用的保護(hù)模式。數(shù)據(jù)訪問終止模式(abt):當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)或指令預(yù)取終止時進(jìn)入該模式,可用于虛擬存儲及存儲保護(hù)。系統(tǒng)模式(sys):運行具有特權(quán)的操作系統(tǒng)任務(wù)。定義指令中止模式(und):當(dāng)未定義的指令執(zhí)行時進(jìn)入該模式,可用于支持硬件協(xié)處理器的軟件仿真。ARM處理器模式 ARM微處理器的運行模式可以通過軟件改變,也可以通過外部中斷或異常處理改變。大多數(shù)的應(yīng)用程序運行在用戶模式下,當(dāng)處理器運行在用戶模式下時,某些被保護(hù)的系統(tǒng)資源是不能被訪問的。 除用戶模式以外,其余的所有6種模式稱之為非用戶模式,或特權(quán)模式;其中除去用戶模式和系統(tǒng)模式以外的5種又稱為異常模式,常用于處理中斷或異常,以及需要訪問受保護(hù)的系統(tǒng)資源等情況。ARM寄存器 ARM處理器共有37個寄存器。其中包括:31個通用寄存器,包括程序計數(shù)器(PC)在內(nèi)。這些寄存器都是32位寄存器。以及6個32位狀態(tài)寄存器。 關(guān)于寄存器這里就不詳細(xì)介紹了,有興趣的人可以上網(wǎng)找找,很多這方面的資料。異常處理 當(dāng)正常的程序執(zhí)行流程發(fā)生暫時的停止時,稱之為異常,例如處理一個外部的中斷請求。在處理異常之前,當(dāng)前處理器的狀態(tài)必須保留,這樣當(dāng)異常處理完成之后,當(dāng)前程序可以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。處理器允許多個異常同時發(fā)生,它們將會按固定的優(yōu)先級進(jìn)行處理。當(dāng)一個異常出現(xiàn)以后,ARM微處理器會執(zhí)行以下幾步操作:進(jìn)入異常處理的基本步驟:將下一條指令的地址存入相應(yīng)連接寄存器LR,以便程序在處理異常返回時能從正確的位置重新開始執(zhí)行。將CPSR復(fù)制到相應(yīng)的SPSR中。根據(jù)異常類型,強(qiáng)制設(shè)置CPSR的運行模式位。強(qiáng)制PC從相關(guān)的異常向量地址取下一條指令執(zhí)行,從而跳轉(zhuǎn)到相應(yīng)的異常處理程序處。如果異常發(fā)生時,處理器處于Thumb狀態(tài),則當(dāng)異常向量地址加載入PC時,處理器自動切換到ARM狀態(tài)。 ARM微處理器對異常的響應(yīng)過程用偽碼可以描述為: R14_ = Return LinkSPSR_= CPSRCPSR[4:0] = Exception Mode NumberCPSR[5] = 0 ;當(dāng)運行于 ARM 工作狀態(tài)時If == Reset or FIQ then;當(dāng)響應(yīng) FIQ 異常時,禁止新的 FIQ 異常CPSR[6] = 1PSR[7] = 1PC = Exception Vector Address異常處理完畢之后,ARM微處理器會執(zhí)行以下幾步操作從異常返回:將連接寄存器LR的值減去相應(yīng)的偏移量后送到PC中。將SPSR復(fù)制回CPSR中。若在進(jìn)入異常處理時設(shè)置了中斷禁止位,要在此清除。
上傳時間: 2013-11-15
上傳用戶:hanbeidang
The PCA9544A provides 4 interrupt inputs, one for each channeland one open drain interrupt output. When an interrupt is generated byany device, it will be detected by the PCA9544A and the interruptoutput will be driven LOW. The channel need not be active fordetection of the interrupt. A bit is also set in the control byte.Bits 4 – 7 of the control byte correspond to channels 0 – 3 of thePCA9544A, respectively. Therefore, if an interrupt is generated byany device connected to channel 2, the state of the interrupt inputs isloaded into the control register when a read is accomplished.Likewise, an interrupt on any device connected to channel 0 wouldcause bit 4 of the control register to be set on the read. The mastercan then address the PCA9544A and read the contents of thecontrol byte to determine which channel contains the devicegenerating the interrupt. The master can then reconfigure thePCA9544A to select this channel, and locate the device generatingthe interrupt and clear it. The interrupt clears when the deviceoriginating the interrupt clears.
標(biāo)簽: 4channel multiple 9544A 9544
上傳時間: 2014-12-28
上傳用戶:潛水的三貢
The PCA9549 provides eight bits of high speed TTL-compatible bus switching controlledby the I2C-bus. The low ON-state resistance of the switch allows connections to be madewith minimal propagation delay. Any individual A to B channel or combination of channelscan be selected via the I2C-bus, determined by the contents of the programmable Controlregister. When the I2C-bus bit is HIGH (logic 1), the switch is on and data can flow fromPort A to Port B, or vice versa. When the I2C-bus bit is LOW (logic 0), the switch is open,creating a high-impedance state between the two ports, which stops the data flow.An active LOW reset input (RESET) allows the PCA9549 to recover from a situationwhere the I2C-bus is stuck in a LOW state. Pulling the RESET pin LOW resets the I2C-busstate machine and causes all the bits to be open, as does the internal power-on resetfunction.
標(biāo)簽: switch Octal 9549 with
上傳時間: 2014-11-22
上傳用戶:xcy122677
The PCA9548A is an octal bidirectional translating switch controlled via the I2C-bus. TheSCL/SDA upstream pair fans out to eight downstream pairs, or channels. Any individualSCx/SDx channel or combination of channels can be selected, determined by thecontents of the programmable control register.An active LOW reset input allows the PCA9548A to recover from a situation where one ofthe downstream I2C-buses is stuck in a LOW state. Pulling the RESET pin LOW resets theI2C-bus state machine and causes all the channels to be deselected as does the internalPower-on reset function.
標(biāo)簽: channel 9548A 9548 PCA
上傳時間: 2013-10-13
上傳用戶:bakdesec
The PCA9557 is a silicon CMOS circuit which provides parallel input/output expansion for SMBus and I2C-bus applications. The PCA9557 consists of an 8-bit input port register, 8-bit output port register, and an I2C-bus/SMBus interface. It has low current consumption and a high-impedance open-drain output pin, IO0. The system master can enable the PCA9557’s I/O as either input or output by writing to the configuration register. The system master can also invert the PCA9557 inputs by writing to the active HIGH polarity inversion register. Finally, the system master can reset the PCA9557 in the event of a time-out by asserting a LOW in the reset input. The power-on reset puts the registers in their default state and initializes the I2C-bus/SMBus state machine. The RESET pin causes the same reset/initialization to occur without de-powering the part.
標(biāo)簽: C-bus SMBus reset port
上傳時間: 2014-01-18
上傳用戶:bs2005
基于USB接口的數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)Design and Implementation of USB-Based Data Acquisition Module路 永 伸(天津科技大學(xué)電子信息與自動化學(xué)院,天津300222)摘要文中給出基于USB接口的數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。硬件設(shè)計采用以Adpc831與PDIUSBDI2為主的器件進(jìn)行硬件設(shè)計,采用Windriver開發(fā)USB驅(qū)動,并用Visual C十十6.0對主機(jī)軟件中硬件接口操作部分進(jìn)行動態(tài)鏈接庫封裝。關(guān)鍵詞USB 數(shù)據(jù)采集Adpc831 PDNSBDI2 Windriver動態(tài)鏈接庫Abstract T hed esigna ndim plementaitono fU SB-BasedD ataA cquisiitonM oduleis g iven.Th ec hips oluitonm ainlyw ithA dpc831a ndP DTUSBD12i sused for hardware design. The USB drive is developed場Wmdriver, and the operation on the hardware interface is packaged into Dynamic Link Libraries場Visual C++6.0. Keywords USB DataA cquisition Adttc831 PDfUSBD12 Windriver0 引言US B總 線 是新一代接口總線,最初推出的目的是為了統(tǒng)一取代PC機(jī)的各類外設(shè)接口,迄今經(jīng)歷了1.0,1.1與2.0版本3個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在國內(nèi)基于USB總線的相關(guān)設(shè)計與開發(fā)也得到了快速的發(fā)展,很多設(shè)計者從各自的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,用不同方案設(shè)計出了相應(yīng)的裝置[1,2]。數(shù)據(jù)采集是工業(yè)控制中一個普遍而重要的環(huán)節(jié),因此開發(fā)基于USB接口的數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實應(yīng)用意義。雖然 US B總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到2.0版本,但由于工業(yè)控制現(xiàn)場干擾信號的情況比較復(fù)雜,高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃圆蝗菀妆槐WC,并且很多場合對數(shù)據(jù)采集的實時性要求并不高,開發(fā)2.0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品的成本又較1.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品高,所以筆者認(rèn)為,在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域,目前開發(fā)基于USB總線1.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的實用意義大于相應(yīng)2.0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊。
標(biāo)簽: USB 接口 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊
上傳時間: 2013-10-23
上傳用戶:q3290766
設(shè)計一種應(yīng)用于某全地形ATV車載武器裝置中的中控系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計是以TMS320F2812型DSP為核心,采用模塊化設(shè)計思想,對其硬件部分進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,能夠完成對武器裝置高低、回轉(zhuǎn)方向的運動控制,實現(xiàn)靜止或行進(jìn)狀態(tài)中對目標(biāo)物的測距,自動瞄準(zhǔn)以及按既定發(fā)射模式發(fā)射彈丸和各項安全性能檢測等功能。通過編制相應(yīng)的軟件,對其進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)調(diào)試,驗證了該設(shè)計運行穩(wěn)定。 Abstract: A central control system applied to an ATV vehicle weapons is designed. The system design is based on TMS320F2812 DSP as the core, uses modular design for its hardware parts. The central control system can complete the motion control of the level of weapons and equipment, rotation direction, to achieve a state of static or moving objects on the target ranging, auto-targeting and according to the established target and the projectile and the launch of the security performance testing and other functions. Through the development of appropriate software and to carry out system testing to verify the stability of this design and operation.
標(biāo)簽: ATV-ATT DSP 中控系統(tǒng)
上傳時間: 2013-11-02
上傳用戶:jshailingzzh
The SDI standards are the predominant standards for uncompressed digital videointerfaces in the broadcast studio and video production center. The first SDI standard,SD-SDI, allowed standard-definition digital video to be transported over the coaxial cableinfrastructure initially installed in studios to carry analog video. Next, HD-SDI wasto support high-definition video. Finally, dual link HD-SDI and 3G-SDIdoubled the bandwidth of HD-SDI to support 1080p (50 Hz and 60 Hz) and other videoformats requiring more bandwidth than HD-SDI provides.
上傳時間: 2013-10-08
上傳用戶:yjj631
很多不同的廠家生產(chǎn)各種型號的計算機(jī),它們運行完全不同的操作系統(tǒng),但TCP.IP協(xié)議族允許它們互相進(jìn)行通信。這一點很讓人感到吃驚,因為它的作用已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了起初的設(shè)想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個分組交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究項目,到9 0年代已發(fā)展成為計算機(jī)之間最常應(yīng)用的組網(wǎng)形式。它是一個真正的開放系統(tǒng),因為協(xié)議族的定義及其多種實現(xiàn)可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”或“因特網(wǎng)(Internet)”的基礎(chǔ),該廣域網(wǎng)(WA N)已包含超過1 0 0萬臺遍布世界各地的計算機(jī)。本章主要對T C P / I P協(xié)議族進(jìn)行概述,其目的是為本書其余章節(jié)提供充分的背景知識。 TCP.IP協(xié)議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認(rèn)標(biāo)志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應(yīng)用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協(xié)議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠(yuǎn)景研究規(guī)劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統(tǒng) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規(guī)則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導(dǎo)程序協(xié)議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環(huán)冗余檢驗 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數(shù)據(jù)電路端接設(shè)備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標(biāo)志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統(tǒng) DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務(wù)訪問點 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數(shù)字用戶線接入復(fù)用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴(kuò)頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時間服務(wù) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協(xié)議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網(wǎng) EOL (End of Option List) 選項清單結(jié)束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業(yè)協(xié)會 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進(jìn)先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結(jié)束標(biāo)志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協(xié)議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協(xié)議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結(jié)構(gòu)委員會 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號分配機(jī)構(gòu) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報文協(xié)議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協(xié)議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) (美國)電氣與電子工程師協(xié)會 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導(dǎo)小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協(xié)議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報文存取協(xié)議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統(tǒng)到中間系統(tǒng)協(xié)議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協(xié)會 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網(wǎng) LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協(xié)議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長肥網(wǎng)絡(luò) LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進(jìn)先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網(wǎng) MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網(wǎng) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴(kuò)充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報文段最大生存時間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報文段長度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制協(xié)議 NFS (Network File System) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng) NIC (Network Information Center) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口栓(S u n公司的一個程序) NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳送協(xié)議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學(xué)天文臺 NOP (No Operation) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學(xué)基金網(wǎng)絡(luò) NSI (NASA Science Internet) (美國)國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時間協(xié)議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統(tǒng)互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優(yōu)先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統(tǒng)接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點對點協(xié)議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標(biāo)志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協(xié)議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔,其中的少部分成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協(xié)議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠(yuǎn)程過程調(diào)用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復(fù)位標(biāo)志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認(rèn) SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協(xié)議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結(jié)構(gòu) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡單郵件傳送協(xié)議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務(wù)訪問點 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴(yán)格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號標(biāo)志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協(xié)議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡單文件傳送協(xié)議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠(yuǎn)程終端協(xié)議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標(biāo)志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協(xié)調(diào)的統(tǒng)一時間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復(fù)制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網(wǎng) WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網(wǎng) XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數(shù)據(jù)表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務(wù)標(biāo)識符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運輸層接口
上傳時間: 2013-11-13
上傳用戶:tdyoung
芯嵌stm32開發(fā)板教程
上傳時間: 2014-12-30
上傳用戶:ttpay
蟲蟲下載站版權(quán)所有 京ICP備2021023401號-1