Cooperation has been the subject of intensive study in the social and biological
sciences, as well as in mathematics and artificial intelligence. The fundamental
finding is that even egoists can sustain cooperation provided the structure of
their environment allows for repeated interactions (Axelrod 1984).
A series of features makes the mobile telecommunications industry an
interesting field of investigation for economists: the industry is experi-
encing veryfastmarketgrowthcombinedwithrapidtechnological change;
regulatory design in setting market structure is playing a very important
role; and oligopolistic competition is unfolding under various forms. The
number of subscribers to mobile networks is growing at a rapid rate on a
worldwide basis, as shown in figure 1.1.
The purpose of this book is to introduce the concept of the Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO) radio channel, which is an intelligent communication method based upon using
multiple antennas. The book opens by explaining MIMO in layman’s terms to help stu-
dents and people in industry working in related areas become easily familiarised with the
concept. Therefore the structure of the book will be carefully arranged to allow a user to
progress steadily through the chapters and understand the fundamental and mathematical
principles behind MIMO through the visual and explanatory way in which they will be
written. It is the intention that several references will also be provided, leading to further
reading in this highly researched technology.
Dear Reader, this book project brings to you a unique study tool for ESD
protection solutions used in analog-integrated circuit (IC) design. Quick-start
learning is combined with in-depth understanding for the whole spectrum of cross-
disciplinary knowledge required to excel in the ESD field. The chapters cover
technical material from elementary semiconductor structure and device levels up
to complex analog circuit design examples and case studies.
In the present era, low observability is one of the critical requirements in aerospace
sector, especially related to defense. The stealth technology essentially relates to
shaping and usage of radar absorbing materials (RAM) or radar absorbing struc-
tures (RAS). The performance of such radar cross section (RCS) reduction tech-
niques is limited by the bandwidth constraints, payload requirements, and other
structural issues. Moreover, with advancement of materials science, the structure
geometry no longer remains key decisive factor toward stealth.
Signals convey information. Systems transform signals. This book introduces the mathe-
matical models used to design and understand both. It is intended for students interested
in developing a deep understanding of how to digitally create and manipulate signals to
measure and control the physical world and to enhance human experience and communi-
cation.
This paper presents a new type of electromagnetic damper with rotating inertial mass that has been devel
oped to control the vibrations of structures subjected to earthquakes. The electromagnetic inertial mass
damper (EIMD) consists of a ball screw that converts axial oscillation of the rod end into rotational motion
of the internal flflywheel and an electric generator that is turned by the rotation of the inner rod. The EIMD is
able to generate a large inertial force created by the rotating flflywheel and a variable damping force devel
oped by the electric generator. Device performance tests of reduced-scale and full-scale EIMDs were under
taken to verify the basic characteristics of the damper and the validity of the derived theoretical formulae.
Shaking table tests of a three-story structure with EIMDs and earthquake response analyses of a building
with EIMDs were conducted to demonstrate the seismic response control performance of the EIMD. The
EIMD is able to reduce story drifts as well as accelerations and surpasses conventional types of dampers
in reducing acceleration responses.
基于FPGA設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)論文資料大全 84篇用FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)FFT的研究
劉朝暉 韓月秋
摘 要 目的 針對高速數(shù)字信號處理的要求，給出了用現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列(FPGA)實(shí)現(xiàn)的
快速傅里葉變換(FFT)方案.方法 算法為按時(shí)間抽取的基4算法，采用遞歸結(jié)構(gòu)的塊浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)
算方案，蝶算過程只擴(kuò)展兩個(gè)符號位以適應(yīng)雷達(dá)信號處理的特點(diǎn)，乘法器由陣列乘法器實(shí)
現(xiàn).結(jié)果 采用流水方式保證系統(tǒng)的速度，使取數(shù)據(jù)、計(jì)算旋轉(zhuǎn)因子、復(fù)乘、DFT等操作協(xié)
調(diào)一致，在計(jì)算、通信和存儲(chǔ)間取得平衡，避免了瓶頸的出現(xiàn).結(jié)論 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，用FPGA
實(shí)現(xiàn)高速數(shù)字信號處理的算法是一個(gè)可行的方案.
關(guān)鍵詞 離散傅里葉變換； 快速傅里葉變換； 塊浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算； 可編程門陣列
分類號 TP39； TN957.511
Implementation of FFT with FPGA Technology
Liu Zhaohui Han Yueqiu
(Department of Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract Aim To propose a scheme for implementing FFT with FPGA in accor-dance with the
requirement for high speed digital signal processing. Methods The structure of FPGA and
requirement of system were considered in the experiment, radix-4 algorithm of DIT and recursive
structure were adopted. The group float point arithmetic operation was used in the butterfly and the
array multiplier was used to realize multiplication. Results The pipeline pattern was used to ensure
the system speed, it made fetching data, calculating twiddle factor, complex multiplication and D
目前電動(dòng)汽車主要以鋰電池作為動(dòng)力來源,為了提高鋰電池的使用時(shí)間和安全性,為鋰電池提供安全良好的運(yùn)行環(huán)境,電池管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。BMS主控單元基于S32K144汽車級單片機(jī),通過主從式網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制結(jié)構(gòu)能夠?qū)︿囯姵氐母鱾€(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行采集與分析。采用擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波對電池的荷電狀態(tài)(SOC)進(jìn)行估算,克服普通估算方法無法避免電池內(nèi)阻誤差的缺點(diǎn),通過Matlab/Simulink軟件仿真驗(yàn)證可使估算誤差達(dá)到2%以內(nèi)。At present,electric vehicles mainly use lithium batteries as the power source.In order to improve the running time and safety of lithium batteries,a safe and good operating environment for power batteries is provided,and a battery management system(BMS) has emerged.The BMS main control unit is based on the S32K144 automotive-grade control chip.Through the master-slave network control structure,it can collect and analyze the various parameters of the lithium battery.The Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) is used to estimate the state of charge(SOC) of the battery,which overcomes the shortcomings of the internal estimation method that cannot overcome the internal resistance error of the battery.It can be verified by Matlab/Simulink software simulation.The estimation error is within 2%.
研究一種智能掃地機(jī)器人。從硬件系統(tǒng)控制模塊設(shè)計(jì)到主要技術(shù)調(diào)試進(jìn)行了較詳細(xì)的闡述。以STM32單片機(jī)為控制核心與電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、紅外線路徑識(shí)別模塊等相互協(xié)調(diào)應(yīng)用。進(jìn)行電路搭建和程序編寫。實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能掃地機(jī)器人紅外線避障和自動(dòng)掃地功能,其清掃面積能達(dá)到約70%,清掃率約60%,很大程度受到自身機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)的限制,后期將對小車的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行完善。This paper studies an intelligent sweeping robot.From the hardware system control module design to the main technical debugging are described in detail.STM32 MCU is used as the control core to coordinate with motor drive and infrared path recognition module.Conduct circuit building and programming.The functions of infrared obstacle avoidance and automatic sweeping of intelligent sweeping robot are realized.Its cleaning area can reach about 70%and the cleaning rate is about 60%.Because it is limited by its own mechanical mechanism to a great extent,the mechanical structure of the car will be improved in the later stage.
