Linear Technology’s High Frequency Product lineupincludes a variety of RF I/Q modulators. The purpose ofthis application note is to illustrate the circuits requiredto interface these modulators with several popular D/Aconverters. Such circuits typically are required to maximizethe voltage transfer from the DAC to the baseband inputsof the modulator, as well as provide some reconstructionfi ltering.
標(biāo)簽： DA轉(zhuǎn)換 接口 射頻 調(diào)制
上傳時間： 2013-10-19
上傳用戶：FreeSky
Portable, battery-powered operation of electronic apparatushas become increasingly desirable. Medical, remotedata acquisition, power monitoring and other applicationsare good candidates for battery operation. In some circumstances,due to space, power or reliability considerations,it is preferable to operate the circuitry from a single 1.5Vcell. Unfortunately, a 1.5V supply eliminates almost alllinear ICs as design candidates. In fact, the LM10 opamp-reference and the LT®1017/LT1018 comparators arethe only IC gain blocks fully specifi ed for 1.5V operation.Further complications are presented by the 600mV dropof silicon transistors and diodes. This limitation consumesa substantial portion of available supply range, makingcircuit design diffi cult. Additionally, any circuit designedfor 1.5V operation must function at end-of-life batteryvoltage, typically 1.3V. (See Box Section, “Componentsfor 1.5V Operation.”)
標(biāo)簽： Circuitry Operation Single 1017
上傳時間： 2013-12-20
上傳用戶：Wwill
One of the most critical components in a step-up design like Figure 1 is the transformer. Transformers have parasitic components that can cause them to deviate from their ideal characteristics, and the parasitic capacitance associated with the secondary can cause large resonating current spikes on the leading edge of the switch current waveform.
標(biāo)簽： 寄生電容 升壓變壓器 中的設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時間： 2013-11-22
上傳用戶：15070202241
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
標(biāo)簽： Converters Defini DAC
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：stvnash
ANALOG INPUT BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequencyat which the reconstructed output fundamental drops3 dB below its low frequency value for a full scale input. Thetest is performed with fIN equal to 100 kHz plus integer multiplesof fCLK. The input frequency at which the output is −3dB relative to the low frequency input signal is the full powerbandwidth.APERTURE JITTER is the variation in aperture delay fromsample to sample. Aperture jitter shows up as input noise.APERTURE DELAY See Sampling Delay.BOTTOM OFFSET is the difference between the input voltagethat just causes the output code to transition to the firstcode and the negative reference voltage. Bottom Offset isdefined as EOB = VZT–VRB, where VZT is the first code transitioninput voltage and VRB is the lower reference voltage.Note that this is different from the normal Zero Scale Error.CONVERSION LATENCY See PIPELINE DELAY.CONVERSION TIME is the time required for a completemeasurement by an analog-to-digital converter. Since theConversion Time does not include acquisition time, multiplexerset up time, or other elements of a complete conversioncycle, the conversion time may be less than theThroughput Time.DC COMMON-MODE ERROR is a specification which appliesto ADCs with differential inputs. It is the change in theoutput code that occurs when the analog voltages on the twoinputs are changed by an equal amount. It is usually expressed in LSBs.
標(biāo)簽： Converter Defi ADC 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：pans0ul
This reference design (RD) features a fullyassembled and tested surface-mount printed circuitboard (PCB). The RD board utilizes the MAX48851:2 or 2:1 multiplexer and other ICs to implement acomplete video graphics array (VGA) 8:1multiplexer.VGA input/output connections are provided to easilyinterface the MAX4885 RD board with VGAcompatibledevices. The RD board gives the optionto use a single 5V DC power supply (V+), or this RDboard can be powered from any one of the eight VGA sources.
標(biāo)簽： multiplexer reference VGA
上傳時間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：ANRAN
高速數(shù)字系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)下載pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
標(biāo)簽： 高速數(shù)字 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：縹緲
OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUIT COLLECTION AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE BIAS SUPPLY 1Provides an output voltage of 0V to +80V for reverse biasingan avalanche photodiode to control its gain. This circuit canalso be reconfigured to supply a 0V to –80V output.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–1This is a bridge-tied load (BTL) linear amplifier for drivinga thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It operates on a single +5Vsupply and can drive ±2A into a common TEC.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–2This is very similar to DRIVER–1 but its power output stagewas modified to operate from a single +3.3V supply in orderto increase its efficiency. Driving this amplifier from astandard +2.5V referenced signal causes the output transistorsto have unequal power dissipation.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–3This BTL TEC driver power output stage achieves very highefficiency by swinging very close to its supply rails, ±2.5V.This driver can also drive ±2A into a common TEC. Operationis shown with the power output stage operating on±1.5V supplies. Under these conditions, this linear amplifiercan achieve very high efficiency. Application ReportThe following collection of analog circuits may be useful in electro-optics applications such as optical networkingsystems. This page summarizes their salient characteristics.
標(biāo)簽： 光電轉(zhuǎn)換 電路設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶：落花無痕
PCB設(shè)計(jì)問題集錦 問：PCB圖中各種字符往往容易疊加在一起，或者相距很近，當(dāng)板子布得很密時，情況更加嚴(yán)重。當(dāng)我用Verify Design進(jìn)行檢查時，會產(chǎn)生錯誤，但這種錯誤可以忽略。往往這種錯誤很多，有幾百個，將其他更重要的錯誤淹沒了，如何使Verify Design會略掉這種錯誤，或者在眾多的錯誤中快速找到重要的錯誤。 答：可以在顏色顯示中將文字去掉,不顯示后再檢查;并記錄錯誤數(shù)目。但一定要檢查是否真正屬于不需要的文字。 問： What’s mean of below warning:(6230,8330 L1) Latium Rule not checked: COMPONENT U26 component rule.答：這是有關(guān)制造方面的一個檢查，您沒有相關(guān)設(shè)定，所以可以不檢查。 問： 怎樣導(dǎo)出jop文件？答：應(yīng)該是JOB文件吧？低版本的powerPCB與PADS使用JOB文件。現(xiàn)在只能輸出ASC文件，方法如下STEP：FILE/EXPORT/選擇一個asc名稱/選擇Select ALL/在Format下選擇合適的版本/在Unit下選Current比較好/點(diǎn)擊OK/完成然后在低版本的powerPCB與PADS產(chǎn)品中Import保存的ASC文件，再保存為JOB文件。 問： 怎樣導(dǎo)入reu文件？答：在ECO與Design 工具盒中都可以進(jìn)行，分別打開ECO與Design 工具盒，點(diǎn)擊右邊第2個圖標(biāo)就可以。 問： 為什么我在pad stacks中再設(shè)一個via:1(如附件）和默認(rèn)的standardvi(如附件）在布線時V選擇1，怎么布線時按add via不能添加進(jìn)去這是怎么回事，因?yàn)橛袝r要使用兩種不同的過孔。答：PowerPCB中有多個VIA時需要在Design Rule下根據(jù)信號分別設(shè)置VIA的使用條件，如電源類只能用Standard VIA等等，這樣操作時就比較方便。詳細(xì)設(shè)置方法在PowerPCB軟件通中有介紹。 問：為什么我把On-line DRC設(shè)置為prevent..移動元時就會彈出(圖2),而你們教程中也是這樣設(shè)置怎么不會呢?答：首先這不是錯誤,出現(xiàn)的原因是在數(shù)據(jù)中沒有BOARD OUTLINE.您可以設(shè)置一個,但是不使用它作為CAM輸出數(shù)據(jù). 問：我用ctrl+c復(fù)制線時怎設(shè)置原點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)制，ctrl+v粘帖時總是以最下面一點(diǎn)和最左邊那一點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn) 答： 復(fù)制布線時與上面的MOVE MODE設(shè)置沒有任何關(guān)系,需要在右鍵菜單中選擇,這在PowerPCB軟件通教程中有專門介紹. 問：用(圖4)進(jìn)行修改線時拉起時怎總是往左邊拉起(圖5)，不知有什么辦法可以輕易想拉起左就左，右就右。答： 具體條件不明,請檢查一下您的DESIGN GRID,是否太大了. 問： 好不容易拉起右邊但是用(圖6)修改線怎么改怎么下面都會有一條不能和在一起，而你教程里都會好好的(圖8)答：這可能還是與您的GRID 設(shè)置有關(guān),不過沒有問題,您可以將不需要的那段線刪除.最重要的是需要找到布線的感覺,每個軟件都不相同,所以需要多練習(xí)。 問： 尊敬的老師:您好！這個圖已經(jīng)畫好了，但我只對（如圖1）一種的完全間距進(jìn)行檢查，怎么錯誤就那么多，不知怎么改進(jìn)。請老師指點(diǎn)。這個圖在附件中請老師幫看一下，如果還有什么問題請指出來，本人在改進(jìn)。謝！！！！！答：請注意您的DRC SETUP窗口下的設(shè)置是錯誤的,現(xiàn)在選中的SAME NET是對相同NET進(jìn)行檢查,應(yīng)該選擇NET TO ALL.而不是SAME NET有關(guān)各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的含義請仔細(xì)閱讀第5部教程. 問： U101元件已建好，但元件框的拐角處不知是否正確，請幫忙CHECK 答：元件框等可以通過修改編輯來完成。問： U102和U103元件沒建完全，在自動建元件參數(shù)中有幾個不明白：如：SOIC--》silk screen欄下spacing from pin與outdent from first pin對應(yīng)U102和U103元件應(yīng)寫什么數(shù)值，還有這兩個元件SILK怎么自動設(shè)置，以及SILK內(nèi)有個圓圈怎么才能畫得與該元件參數(shù)一致。 答：Spacing from pin指從PIN到SILK的Y方向的距離,outdent from first pin是第一PIN與SILK端點(diǎn)間的距離.請根據(jù)元件資料自己計(jì)算。
標(biāo)簽： PCB 設(shè)計(jì)問題 集錦
上傳時間： 2013-10-07
上傳用戶：comer1123
Integrated EMI/Thermal Design forSwitching Power SuppliesWei ZhangThesis submitted to the Faculty of theVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Integrated EMI/Thermal Design forSwitching Power SuppliesWei Zhang(ABSTRACT)This work presents the modeling and analysis of EMI and thermal performancefor switch power supply by using the CAD tools. The methodology and design guidelinesare developed.By using a boost PFC circuit as an example, an equivalent circuit model is builtfor EMI noise prediction and analysis. The parasitic elements of circuit layout andcomponents are extracted analytically or by using CAD tools. Based on the model, circuitlayout and magnetic component design are modified to minimize circuit EMI. EMI filtercan be designed at an early stage without prototype implementation.In the second part, thermal analyses are conducted for the circuit by using thesoftware Flotherm, which includes the mechanism of conduction, convection andradiation. Thermal models are built for the components. Thermal performance of thecircuit and the temperature profile of components are predicted. Improved thermalmanagement and winding arrangement are investigated to reduce temperature.In the third part, several circuit layouts and inductor design examples are checkedfrom both the EMI and thermal point of view. Insightful information is obtained.
標(biāo)簽： EMI 開關(guān)電源 英文
上傳時間： 2013-11-10
上傳用戶：1595690
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