Abstract: Using a wafer-level package (WLP) can reduce the overall size and cost of your solution.However when using a WLP IC, the printed circuit board (PCB) layout can become more complex and, ifnot carefully planned, result in an unreliable design. This article presents some PCB designCONSIDERATIONS and general recommendations for choosing a 0.4mm- or 0.5mm-pitch WLP for yourapplication.
The exacting technological demands created byincreasing bandwidth requirements have given riseto significant advances in FPGA technology thatenable engineers to successfully incorporate highspeedI/O interfaces in their designs. One aspect ofdesign that plays an increasingly important role isthat of the FPGA package. As the interfaces get fasterand wider, choosing the right package has becomeone of the key CONSIDERATIONS for the systemdesigner.
This application note covers the design CONSIDERATIONS of a system using the performance
features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The
design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F
MAX
and
area optimizations in certain portions of the design.
The design uses five AXI video direct memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move
10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p
format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video
test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary
video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display
(OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video
stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board.
Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams
moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM memory and are
controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor.
The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the
Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect
layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10-
layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended
for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI
Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between
a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in
card attached through a connector.
This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including
design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card
edge-finger and connector CONSIDERATIONS. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help
ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and
loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect.
However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily
guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations.
Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to
ensure compliance to all applicable specifications.
The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of
general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout
constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while
the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
關于FPGA流水線設計的論文
This work investigates the use of very deep pipelines for
implementing circuits in FPGAs, where each pipeline
stage is limited to a single FPGA logic element (LE). The
architecture and VHDL design of a parameterized integer
array multiplier is presented and also an IEEE 754
compliant 32-bit floating-point multiplier. We show how to
write VHDL cells that implement such approach, and how
the array multiplier architecture was adapted. Synthesis
and simulation were performed for Altera Apex20KE
devices, although the VHDL code should be portable to
other devices. For this family, a 16 bit integer multiplier
achieves a frequency of 266MHz, while the floating point
unit reaches 235MHz, performing 235 MFLOPS in an
FPGA. Additional cells are inserted to synchronize data,
what imposes significant area penalties. This and other
CONSIDERATIONS to apply the technique in real designs are
also addressed.
The BeeStack Application Development Guide describes how to develop an application for
BeeStack, including discussions on major CONSIDERATIONS for commercial applications.
This document is intended for software developers who write applications for BeeStack-based
products using Freescale development tools.
It is assumed the reader is a programmer with at least rudimentary skills in the C programming
language and that the reader is already familiar with the edit/compile/debug process.
The Complete Wireless Communications Professional details essential engineering principles and examines the financial and marketing CONSIDERATIONS that contribute to making any communications product viable.
Text mining tries to solve the crisis of information overload by combining techniques from data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, information retrieval, and knowledge management. In addition to providing an in-depth examination of core text mining and link detection algorithms and operations, this book examines advanced pre-processing techniques, knowledge representation CONSIDERATIONS, and visualization approaches. Finally, it explores current real-world, mission-critical applications of text mining and link detection in such varied fields as M&A business intelligence, genomics research and counter-terrorism activities.
Describing the relevant detection and estimation theory, this detailed guide provides
the background knowledge needed to tackle the design of practical WLAN positioning
systems. It sets out key system-level challenges and design CONSIDERATIONS in increasing
positioningaccuracyandreducingcomputationalcomplexity,examinesdesigntradeoffs,
and presents experimental results.
