Abstract: This tutorial discusses proper printed-Circuit board (PCB) grounding for mixed-signal designs. Formost applications a simple method without cuts in the ground plane allows for successful PCB layouts withthis kind of IC. We begin this document with the basics: where the current flows. Later, we describe how toplace components and route signal traces to minimize problems with crosstalk. Finally, we move on toconsider power supply-currents and end by discussing how to extend what we have learned to Circuits withmultiple mixed-signal ICs.
Abstract: Alexander Graham Bell patented twisted pair wires in 1881. We still use them today because they work so well. In addition we have the advantage ofincredible computer power within our world. Circuit simulators and filter design programs are available for little or no cost. We combine the twisted pair and lowpassfilters to produce spectacular rejection of radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). We also illustrate use of a precision resistorarray to produce a customizable differential amplifier. The precision resistors set the gain and common mode rejection ratios, while we choose the frequencyresponse.
Abstract: This application note presents an overview of the operational characteristics of accurate I²C real-time clocks (RTCs),including the DS3231, DS3231M, and DS3232. It focuses on general application guidelines that facilitate use of device resources forpower management, I²C communication Circuit configurations, and I²C characteristics relative to device power-up sequences andinitializations. Additional discussions on decoupling are provided to support developing strategies for mitigating power-supply pushingof device frequency.
The purpose of this application note is to show an example of how a digital potentiometer can be used in thefeedback loop of a step-up DC-DC converter to provide calibration and/or adjustment of the output voltage.The example Circuit uses a MAX5025 step-up DC-DC converter (capable of generating up to 36V,120mWmax) in conjunction with a DS1845, 256 position, NV digital potentiometer. For this example, the desiredoutput voltage is 32V, which is generated from an input supply of 5V. The output voltage can be adjusted in35mV increments (near 32V) and span a range wide enough to account for resistance, potentiometer and DCDCconverter tolerances (27.6V to 36.7V).
Many applications require a clock signal to be synchronous, phase-locked, or derived fromanother signal, such as a data signal or another clock. This type of clock Circuit is important in
Abstract: Transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) are widely used to translate the current output of sensors like photodiode-to-voltagesignals, since several Circuits and instruments can only accept voltage input. An operational amplifier with a feedback resistor fromoutput to the inverting input is the most straightforward implementation of such a TIA. However, even this simple TIA Circuit requirescareful trade-offs among noise gain, offset voltage, bandwidth, and stability. Clearly stability in a TIA is essential for good, reliableperformance. This application note explains the empirical calculations for assessing stability and then shows how to fine-tune theselection of the feedback phase-compensation capacitor.
This unique guide to designing digital VLSI Circuits takes a top-down approach, reflecting the natureof the design process in industry. Starting with architecture design, the book explains the why andhow of digital design, using the physics that designers need to know, and no more.Covering system and component aspects, design verification, VHDL modelling, clocking, signalintegrity, layout, electricaloverstress, field-programmable logic, economic issues, and more, thescope of the book is singularly comprehensive.
This application note provides a detailed description of themetastable behavior in PLDs from both Circuit and statisticalviewpoints. Additionally, the information on the metastablecharacteristics of Cypress PLDs presented here can help youachieve any desired degree of reliability.
Many thermal metrics exist for integrated Circuit (IC) packages ranging from θja to Ψjt.Often, these thermal metrics are misapplied by customers who try to use them to estimate junction temperatures in their systems.
