P C B 可測性設計布線規(guī)則之建議― ― 從源頭改善可測率PCB 設計除需考慮功能性與安全性等要求外,亦需考慮可生產與可測試。這里提供可測性設計建議供設計布線工程師參考。1. 每一個銅箔電路支點,至少需要一個可測試點。如無對應的測試點,將可導致與之相關的開短路不可檢出,并且與之相連的零件會因無測試點而不可測。2. 雙面治具會增加制作成本,且上針板的測試針定位準確度差。所以Layout 時應通過Via Hole 盡可能將測試點放置于同一面。這樣就只要做單面治具即可。3. 測試選點優(yōu)先級:A.測墊(Test Pad) B.通孔(Through Hole) C.零件腳(CoMPonent Lead) D.貫穿孔(Via Hole)(未Mask)。而對于零件腳,應以AI 零件腳及其它較細較短腳為優(yōu)先,較粗或較長的引腳接觸性誤判多。4. PCB 厚度至少要62mil(1.35mm),厚度少于此值之PCB 容易板彎變形,影響測點精準度,制作治具需特殊處理。5. 避免將測點置于SMT 之PAD 上,因SMT 零件會偏移,故不可靠,且易傷及零件。6. 避免使用過長零件腳(>170mil(4.3mm))或過大的孔(直徑>1.5mm)為測點。7. 對于電池(Battery)最好預留Jumper,在ICT 測試時能有效隔離電池的影響。8. 定位孔要求:(a) 定位孔(Tooling Hole)直徑最好為125mil(3.175mm)及其以上。(b) 每一片PCB 須有2 個定位孔和一個防呆孔(也可說成定位孔,用以預防將PCB反放而導致機器壓破板),且孔內不能沾錫。(c) 選擇以對角線,距離最遠之2 孔為定位孔。(d) 各定位孔(含防呆孔)不應設計成中心對稱,即PCB 旋轉180 度角后仍能放入PCB,這樣,作業(yè)員易于反放而致機器壓破板)9. 測試點要求:(e) 兩測點或測點與預鉆孔之中心距不得小于50mil(1.27mm),否則有一測點無法植針。以大于100mil(2.54mm)為佳,其次是75mil(1.905mm)。(f) 測點應離其附近零件(位于同一面者)至少100mil,如為高于3mm 零件,則應至少間距120mil,方便治具制作。(g) 測點應平均分布于PCB 表面,避免局部密度過高,影響治具測試時測試針壓力平衡。(h) 測點直徑最好能不小于35mil(0.9mm),如在上針板,則最好不小于40mil(1.00mm),圓形、正方形均可。小于0.030”(30mil)之測點需額外加工,以導正目標。(i) 測點的Pad 及Via 不應有防焊漆(Solder Mask)。(j) 測點應離板邊或折邊至少100mil。(k) 錫點被實踐證實是最好的測試探針接觸點。因為錫的氧化物較輕且容易刺穿。以錫點作測試點,因接觸不良導致誤判的機會極少且可延長探針使用壽命。錫點尤其以PCB 光板制作時的噴錫點最佳。PCB 裸銅測點,高溫后已氧化,且其硬度高,所以探針接觸電阻變化而致測試誤判率很高。如果裸銅測點在SMT 時加上錫膏再經回流焊固化為錫點,雖可大幅改善,但因助焊劑或吃錫不完全的緣故,仍會出現(xiàn)較多的接觸誤判。
上傳時間: 2014-01-14
上傳用戶:cylnpy
winCE msdn講座 XP Embedded Now and the future Windows XP Embedded Developmentand Deployment Model OverviewWindows XP Embedded CoMPonent ModelWindows XP Embedded Studio Tools Microsoft WindowsXP Embedded Product Highlights CoMPonentized version of Windows XP Professional~ 12,000 CoMPonents and updates as of Service Pack 2Flexible localizationSame binaries and API as Windows XP ProfessionalHotfixes and service packsEmbedded Enabling FeaturesRuns on standard PC hardwareSupports boot on hard drives, compact flash, DiskOnChipand read-only mediaSupport for remote install and remote bootHeadless device and remote management supportIntegration with Microsoft management tools
上傳時間: 2013-10-31
上傳用戶:jrsoft
計算機部件要具有通用性,適應不同系統(tǒng)與不同用戶的需求,設計必須模塊化。計算機部件產品(模塊)供應出現(xiàn)多元化。模塊之間的聯(lián)接關系要標準化,使模塊具有通用性。模塊設計必須基于一種大多數(shù)廠商認可的模塊聯(lián)接關系,即一種總線標準。總線的標準總線是一類信號線的集合是模塊間傳輸信息的公共通道,通過它,計算機各部件間可進行各種數(shù)據(jù)和命令的傳送。為使不同供應商的產品間能夠互換,給用戶更多的選擇,總線的技術規(guī)范要標準化。總線的標準制定要經周密考慮,要有嚴格的規(guī)定。總線標準(技術規(guī)范)包括以下幾部分:機械結構規(guī)范:模塊尺寸、總線插頭、總線接插件以及按裝尺寸均有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。功能規(guī)范:總線每條信號線(引腳的名稱)、功能以及工作過程要有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。電氣規(guī)范:總線每條信號線的有效電平、動態(tài)轉換時間、負載能力等。總線的發(fā)展情況S-100總線:產生于1975年,第一個標準化總線,為微計算機技術發(fā)展起到了推動作用。IBM-PC個人計算機采用總線結構(Industry Standard Architecture, ISA)并成為工業(yè)化的標準。先后出現(xiàn)8位ISA總線、16位ISA總線以及后來兼容廠商推出的EISA(Extended ISA)32位ISA總線。為了適應微處理器性能的提高及I/O模塊更高吞吐率的要求,出現(xiàn)了VL-Bus(VESA Local Bus)和PCI(Peripheral CoMPonent Interconnect,PCI)總線。適合小型化要求的PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)總線,用于筆記本計算機的功能擴展。總線的指標計算機主機性能迅速提高,各功能模塊性能也要相應提高,這對總線性能提出更高的要求。總線主要技術指標有幾方面:總線寬度:一次操作可以傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)位數(shù),如S100為8位,ISA為16位,EISA為32位,PCI-2可達64位。總線寬度不會超過微處理器外部數(shù)據(jù)總線的寬度。總數(shù)工作頻率:總線信號中有一個CLK時鐘,CLK越高每秒鐘傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)量越大。ISA、EISA為8MHz,PCI為33.3MHz, PCI-2可達達66.6MHz。單個數(shù)據(jù)傳輸周期:不同的傳輸方式,每個數(shù)據(jù)傳輸所用CLK周期數(shù)不同。ISA要2個,PCI用1個CLK周期。這決定總線最高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率。5. 總線的分類與層次系統(tǒng)總線:是微處理器芯片對外引線信號的延伸或映射,是微處理器與片外存儲器及I/0接口傳輸信息的通路。系統(tǒng)總線信號按功能可分為三類:地址總線(Where):指出數(shù)據(jù)的來源與去向。地址總線的位數(shù)決定了存儲空間的大小。系統(tǒng)總線:數(shù)據(jù)總線(What)提供模塊間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的路徑,數(shù)據(jù)總線的位數(shù)決定微處理器結構的復雜度及總體性能。控制總線(When):提供系統(tǒng)操作所必需的控制信號,對操作過程進行控制與定時。擴充總線:亦稱設備總線,用于系統(tǒng)I/O擴充。與系統(tǒng)總線工作頻率不同,經接口電路對系統(tǒng)總統(tǒng)信號緩沖、變換、隔離,進行不同層次的操作(ISA、EISA、MCA)局部總線:擴充總線不能滿足高性能設備(圖形、視頻、網絡)接口的要求,在系統(tǒng)總線與擴充總線之間插入一層總線。由于它經橋接器與系統(tǒng)總線直接相連,因此稱之為局部總線(PCI)。
上傳時間: 2013-11-09
上傳用戶:nshark
針對嵌入式機器視覺系統(tǒng)向獨立化、智能化發(fā)展的要求,介紹了一種嵌入式視覺系統(tǒng)--智能相機。基于對智能相機體系結構、組成模塊和圖像采集、傳輸和處理技術的分析,對國內外的幾款智能相機進行比較。綜合技術發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出基于FPGA+DSP模式的硬件平臺,并提出智能相機的發(fā)展方向。分析結果表明,該系統(tǒng)設計可以實現(xiàn)脫離PC運行,完成圖像獲取與分析,并作出相應輸出。 Abstract: This paper introduced an embedded vision system-intelligent camera ,which was for embedded machine vision systems to an independent and intelligent development requirements. Intelligent camera architecture, CoMPonent modules and image acquisition, transmission and processing technology were analyzed. After comparing integrated technology development of several intelligent cameras at home and abroad, the paper proposed the hardware platform based on FPGA+DSP models and made clear direction of development of intelligent cameras. On the analysis of the design, the results indicate that the system can run from the PC independently to complete the image acquisition and analysis and give a corresponding output.
上傳時間: 2013-10-24
上傳用戶:bvdragon
多遠程二極管溫度傳感器-Design Considerations for pc thermal management Multiple RDTS (remote diode temperature sensing) provides the most accurate method of sensing an IC’s junction temperature. It overcomes thermal gradient and placement issues encountered when trying to place external sensors. PCB CoMPonent count decreases when using a device that provides multiple inputs.Better temperature sensing improves product performance and reliability. Disk drive data integrity suffers at elevated temperatures. IBM published an article stating that a 5°C rise in operating temperature causes a 15% increase in the drive’s failure rate. The overall performance of a system can be improved by providing a more accurate temperature measurement of the most critical devices allowing them to run just a few degrees hotter.The LM83 directly senses its own temperature and the temperature of three external PN junctions. One is dedicated to the CPU of choice, the other two go to other parts of your system that need thermal monitoring such as the disk drive or graphics chip. The SMBus-compatible LM83 supports SMBus timeout and logic levels. The LM83 has two interrupt outputs; one for user-programmable limits and WATCHDOG capability (INT), the other is a Critical Temperature Alarm output (T_CRIT_A) for system power supply shutdown.
標簽: Considerat Design 遠程 二極管
上傳時間: 2014-12-21
上傳用戶:ljd123456
A Computer-On-Module, or COM, is a Module with all CoMPonents necessary for a bootable host computer, packaged as a super CoMPonent. A COM requires a Carrier Board to bring out I/O and to power up. COMs are used to build single board computer solutions and offer OEMs fast time-to-market with reduced development cost. Like integrated circuits, they provide OEMs with significant freedom in meeting form-fit-function requirements. For all these reasons the COM methodology has gained much popularity with OEMs in the embedded industry. COM Express® is an open industry standard for Computer-On-Modules. It is designed to be future proof and to provide a smooth transition path from legacy parallel interfaces to LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) interfaces. These include the PCI bus and parallel ATA on the one hand and PCI Express and Serial ATA on the other hand.
上傳時間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶:Wwill
Abstract: This application note helps system designers choose the correct external CoMPonents for use with the MAX16948 dualremote antenna LDO/switch, thus ensuring that automobile-regulated phantom antenna supply and output-current-monitoring circuitrymeet performance objectives. An electronic calculator is provided that helps specify the critical external CoMPonents for theMAX16948, thus reducing design time. The calculator also determines the device's analog output voltage, output current-limitthreshold, and output current-sensing accuracies. The calculator includes new automatic Step By Step feature that assists designerswith CoMPonent choice. To use the new automatic feature, click on the Step By Step button relative to the desired section.
上傳時間: 2013-11-04
上傳用戶:lhll918
為滿足無線網絡技術具有低功耗、節(jié)點體積小、網絡容量大、網絡傳輸可靠等技術要求,設計了一種以MSP430單片機和CC2420射頻收發(fā)器組成的無線傳感節(jié)點。通過分析其節(jié)點組成,提出了ZigBee技術中的幾種網絡拓撲形式,并研究了ZigBee路由算法。針對不同的傳輸要求形式選用不同的網絡拓撲形式可以盡大可能地減少系統(tǒng)成本。同時針對不同網絡選用正確的ZigBee路由算法有效地減少了網絡能量消耗,提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。應用試驗表明,采用ZigBee方式通信可以提高傳輸速率且覆蓋范圍大,與傳統(tǒng)的有線通信方式相比可以節(jié)約40%左右的成本。 Abstract: To improve the proposed technical requirements such as low-ower, small nodes, large capacity and reliable network transmission, wireless sensor nodes based on MSP430 MCU and CC2420 RF transceiver were designed. This paper provided network topology of ZigBee technology by analysing the CoMPonent of the nodes and researched ZigBee routing algorithm. Aiming at different requirements of transmission mode to choose the different network topologies form can most likely reduce the system cost. And aiming at different network to choose the correct ZigBee routing algorithm can effectively reduced the network energy consumption and improved the reliability of the system. Results show that the communication which used ZigBee mode can improve the transmission rate, cover more area and reduce 40% cost compared with traditional wired communications mode.
標簽: ZigBee 無線傳感網絡 協(xié)議研究 路由
上傳時間: 2013-10-09
上傳用戶:robter
1. 簡介 ISIS中的屬性有非常大的用處。一個特定的對象的屬性是由一些關鍵字組成,比如,在ISIS中,我們使用封裝的屬性與PCB的封裝關聯(lián)。 對象,管腳,電路圖都有自己的屬性,如果你想很把這個功能強大的軟件用好你必須很清楚他們之間的聯(lián)系,這個軟件和以前你所用過的畫電路的軟件有些不同。 2. 對象屬性 對象屬性有兩個類型—系統(tǒng)屬性和使用屬性。在ISIS中的這些功能是由一些保留字所組成,不管是內部的程序比如ARES和VSM,或者你自己所使用的軟件都是有關聯(lián)的。 (1)系統(tǒng)屬性 系統(tǒng)屬性在ISIS中是由一些特殊含義的關鍵字所夠成。比如,一個元件中的DEVICE屬性是根據(jù)元件庫在分配時候定義的。這些屬性一般是文本的—比如元件的REF和VALUE屬性可以直接從Edit CoMPonent對話框中訪問,但是別的比如DEVICE屬性就是做為圖形操作所生成的結果。
上傳時間: 2013-11-22
上傳用戶:AbuGe
DesignSpark PCB 第3版現(xiàn)已推出! 包括3種全新功能: 1. 模擬介面 Simulation Interface 2. 設計計算機 Design Calculator 3. 零件群組 CoMPonent Grouping 第3版新功能介紹 (含資料下載) 另外, 中文版的教學已經準備好了, 備有簡體和繁體版, 趕快下載來看看! 設計PCB產品激活:激活入品 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum。
標簽: DesignSpark PCB 設計工具 免費下載
上傳時間: 2013-10-19
上傳用戶:小眼睛LSL