本文將接續介紹電源與功率電路基板，以及數字電路基板導線設計。寬帶與高頻電路基板導線設計a.輸入阻抗1MHz，平滑性(flatness)50MHz 的OP增幅器電路基板圖26 是由FET 輸入的高速OP 增幅器OPA656 構成的高輸入阻抗OP 增幅電路，它的gain取決于R1、R2，本電路圖的電路定數為2 倍。此外為改善平滑性特別追加設置可以加大噪訊gain，抑制gain-頻率特性高頻領域時峰值的R3。圖26 高輸入阻抗的寬帶OP增幅電路圖27 是高輸入阻抗OP 增幅器的電路基板圖案。降低高速OP 增幅器反相輸入端子與接地之間的浮游容量非常重要，所以本電路的浮游容量設計目標低于0.5pF。如果上述部位附著大浮游容量的話，會成為高頻領域的頻率特性產生峰值的原因，嚴重時頻率甚至會因為feedback 阻抗與浮游容量，造成feedback 信號的位相延遲，最后導致頻率特性產生波動現象。此外高輸入阻抗OP 增幅器輸入部位的浮游容量也逐漸成為問題，圖27 的電路基板圖案的非反相輸入端子部位無full Ground設計，如果有外部噪訊干擾之虞時，接地可設計成網格狀(mesh)。圖28 是根據圖26 制成的OP 增幅器Gain－頻率特性測試結果，由圖可知即使接近50MHz頻率特性非常平滑，-3dB cutoff頻率大約是133MHz。
標簽： PCB
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：hebanlian
Abstract: Rail splitting is creating an artificial virtual Ground as a reference voltage. It is used to set the signalto match the op amp's "sweet spot." An op amp has the most linear- and distortion-free qualities at that sweetspot. Typically, the sweet spot occurs near the center between the single power rail and Ground. In the case ofa number of signals, the virtual Ground can control channel DC errors when multiplexing or switching thesignals.
上傳時間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：wushengwu
What would happen if someone connected 24V to your12V circuits? If the power and Ground lines were inadvertentlyreversed, would the circuits survive? Does yourapplication reside in a harsh environment, where the inputsupply can ring very high or even below Ground? Evenif these events are unlikely, it only takes one to destroya circuit board.
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：jackandlee
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworking switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get working. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear circuits to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at Ground, andthe Ground terminal shows volts of noise.
標簽： Regulators Switching Poets for
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：奇奇奔奔
Demonstration circuit 1562A is an engineering toolto design and evaluate the LTC699X-X family ofTimerBlox circuits. The center section of the boardcontains a pre-configured TimerBlox function.DC1562A comes in twelve timing function variationsas outlined in Table 1.Surrounding the center board is a ”playGround”prototyping area. The prototyping area has padsfor Dip-8, S8, MS8, or S6 packages with breadboarding connections to each pin and two convenientpower buses and Ground bus surrounding theentire area. This area is for conditioning signals tocontrol the timer function and for adding loads controlled in time.
上傳時間： 2013-10-18
上傳用戶：如果你也聽說
The ISO7220 and ISO7221 are dual-channel digital isolators. To facilitate PCB layout, the channels are orientedin the same direction in the ISO7220 and in opposite directions in the ISO7221. These devices have a logic inputand output buffer separated by TI’s silicon-dioxide (SiO2) isolation barrier, providing galvanic isolation of up to4000 V. Used in conjunction with isolated power supplies, these devices block high voltage, isolate Grounds, andprevent noise currents on a data bus or other circuits from entering the local Ground and interfering with ordamaging sensitive circuitry.
上傳時間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：hbsunhui
SM-IIC/2051 模塊用戶說明簡介：SM-IIC/2051 是一個基于2051 單片機的I2C 總線控制模塊。上位機接口可直接與PC的RS232 連接，下位機可實現對應用電路中I2C 控制總線的連接，塊內設置2K 的FLASH 存儲器，可存儲用戶I2C 初始化數據。模塊采用2051 單片機，使電路簡單可靠。型號：SM-IIC/2051名稱：I2C 數據控制模塊功能：RS232 串行信號與I2C 數據轉換 接口說明：編號信號標志信號名稱規格備注CK1-1 VCC 供電+5VCK1-2 VCC 供電+5VCK1-3 GND 地GroundCK1-4 GND 地GroundCK2-1 TOUT 串口輸出RS232CK2-2 RIN 串口輸入RS232CK2-3 GND 地GroundCK2-4 GND 地Ground編號信號標志信號名稱規格備注CK3-1 GND 地GroundCK3-2 SCL I2C 時鐘TTLCK3-3 SDA I2C 數據TTLCK3-4 GND 地GroundCK3-5 P1.2 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-6 P1.3 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-7 P1.4 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-8 P1.5 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-9 P1.6 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-10 P1.7 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-11 P3.7 PI/O 端口TTLCK3-12 T1 定時端口TTLCK3-13 T0 定時端口TTLCK3-14 INT1 中斷端口TTLCK3-15 INT0 中斷端口TTLCK3-16 GND 地Ground
上傳時間： 2013-11-18
上傳用戶：爺的氣質
Prakash Rashinkar has over 15 years experience in system design and verificationof embedded systems for communication satellites, launch vehicles and spacecraftGround systems, high-performance computing, switching, multimedia, and wirelessapplications. Prakash graduated with an MSEE from Regional Engineering College,Warangal, in India. He lead the team that was responsible for delivering themethodologies for SOC verification at Cadence Design Systems. Prakash is anactive member of the VSIA Functional Verification DWG. He is currently Architectin the Vertical Markets and Design Environments Group at Cadence.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：xinhaoshan2016
Prakash Rashinkar has over 15 years experience in system design and verificationof embedded systems for communication satellites, launch vehicles and spacecraftGround systems, high-performance computing, switching, multimedia, and wirelessapplications. Prakash graduated with an MSEE from Regional Engineering College,Warangal, in India. He lead the team that was responsible for delivering themethodologies for SOC verification at Cadence Design Systems. Prakash is anactive member of the VSIA Functional Verification DWG. He is currently Architectin the Vertical Markets and Design Environments Group at Cadence.
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：m62383408
數字與模擬電路設計技巧IC與LSI的功能大幅提升使得高壓電路與電力電路除外，幾乎所有的電路都是由半導體組件所構成，雖然半導體組件高速、高頻化時會有EMI的困擾，不過為了充分發揮半導體組件應有的性能，電路板設計與封裝技術仍具有決定性的影響。 模擬與數字技術的融合由于IC與LSI半導體本身的高速化，同時為了使機器達到正常動作的目的，因此技術上的跨越競爭越來越激烈。雖然構成系統的電路未必有clock設計，但是毫無疑問的是系統的可靠度是建立在電子組件的選用、封裝技術、電路設計與成本，以及如何防止噪訊的產生與噪訊外漏等綜合考慮。機器小型化、高速化、多功能化使得低頻/高頻、大功率信號/小功率信號、高輸出阻抗/低輸出阻抗、大電流/小電流、模擬/數字電路，經常出現在同一個高封裝密度電路板，設計者身處如此的環境必需面對前所未有的設計思維挑戰，例如高穩定性電路與吵雜(noisy)性電路為鄰時，如果未將噪訊入侵高穩定性電路的對策視為設計重點，事后反復的設計變更往往成為無解的夢魘。模擬電路與高速數字電路混合設計也是如此，假設微小模擬信號增幅后再將full scale 5V的模擬信號，利用10bit A/D轉換器轉換成數字信號，由于分割幅寬祇有4.9mV，因此要正確讀取該電壓level并非易事，結果造成10bit以上的A/D轉換器面臨無法順利運作的窘境。另一典型實例是使用示波器量測某數字電路基板兩點相隔10cm的Ground電位，理論上Ground電位應該是零，然而實際上卻可觀測到4.9mV數倍甚至數十倍的脈沖噪訊(pulse noise)，如果該電位差是由模擬與數字混合電路的grand所造成的話，要測得4.9 mV的信號根本是不可能的事情，也就是說為了使模擬與數字混合電路順利動作，必需在封裝與電路設計有相對的對策，尤其是數字電路switching時，Ground vance noise不會入侵analogue Ground的防護對策，同時還需充分檢討各電路產生的電流回路(route)與電流大小，依此結果排除各種可能的干擾因素。以上介紹的實例都是設計模擬與數字混合電路時經常遇到的瓶頸，如果是設計12bit以上A/D轉換器時，它的困難度會更加復雜。
上傳時間： 2014-02-12
上傳用戶：wenyuoo
