This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
上傳時(shí)間: 2014-12-31
上傳用戶(hù):PresidentHuang
飛思卡爾智能車(chē)的舵機(jī)測(cè)試程序 #include <hidef.h> /* common defines and macros */#include <MC9S12XS128.h> /* derivative information */#pragma LINK_INFO DERIVATIVE "mc9s12xs128" void SetBusCLK_16M(void) { CLKSEL=0X00; PLLCTL_PLLON=1; //鎖相環(huán)電路允許位 SYNR=0x00 | 0x01; //SYNR=1 REFDV=0x80 | 0x01; POSTDIV=0x00; _asm(nop); _asm(nop); while(!(CRGFLG_LOCK==1)); CLKSEL_PLLSEL =1; } void PWM_01(void) { //舵機(jī)初始化 PWMCTL_CON01=1; //0和1聯(lián)合成16位PWM; PWMCAE_CAE1=0; //選擇輸出模式為左對(duì)齊輸出模式 PWMCNT01 = 0; //計(jì)數(shù)器清零; PWMPOL_PPOL1=1; //先輸出高電平,計(jì)數(shù)到DTY時(shí),反轉(zhuǎn)電平 PWMPRCLK = 0X40; //clockA 不分頻,clockA=busclock=16MHz;CLK B 16分頻:1Mhz PWMSCLA = 0x08; //對(duì)clock SA 16分頻,pwm clock=clockA/16=1MHz; PWMCLK_PCLK1 = 1; //選擇clock SA做時(shí)鐘源 PWMPER01 = 20000; //周期20ms; 50Hz; PWMDTY01 = 1500; //高電平時(shí)間為1.5ms; PWME_PWME1 = 1;
標(biāo)簽: 飛思卡爾智能車(chē) 舵機(jī) 測(cè)試程序
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-04
上傳用戶(hù):狗日的日子
IBIS 模型在做類(lèi)似板級(jí)SI 仿真得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在做仿真的初級(jí)階段,經(jīng)常對(duì)于ibis 模型的描述有些疑問(wèn),只知道把模型拿來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換為軟件所支持的格式或者直接使用,而對(duì)于IBIS 模型里面的數(shù)據(jù)描述什么都不算很明白,因此下面的一些描述是整理出來(lái)的一點(diǎn)對(duì)于ibis 的基本理解。在此引用很多presention來(lái)描述ibis 內(nèi)容(有的照抄過(guò)來(lái),阿彌陀佛,不要說(shuō)抄襲,只不過(guò)習(xí)慣信手拈來(lái)說(shuō)明一些問(wèn)題),僅此向如muranyi 等ibis 先驅(qū)者致敬。本文難免有些錯(cuò)誤或者考慮不周,隨時(shí)歡迎進(jìn)行討論并對(duì)其進(jìn)行修改!IBIS 模型的一些基本概念I(lǐng)BIS 這個(gè)詞是Input/Output buffer information specification 的縮寫(xiě)。本文是基于IBIS ver3.2 所撰寫(xiě)出來(lái)(www.eigroup.org/IBIS/可下載到各種版本spec),ver4.2增加很多新特性,由于在目前設(shè)計(jì)中沒(méi)用到不予以討論。。。在業(yè)界經(jīng)常會(huì)把spice 模型描述為transistor model 是因?yàn)樗枋龊芏嚯娐芳?xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。而把ibis 模型描述為behavioral model 是因?yàn)樗⒉幌髎pice 模型那樣描述電路的構(gòu)成,IBIS 模型描述的只不過(guò)是電路的一種外在表現(xiàn),象個(gè)黑匣子一樣,輸入什么然后就得到輸出結(jié)果,而不需要了解里面驅(qū)動(dòng)或者接收的電路構(gòu)成。因此有所謂的garbage in, garbage out,ibis 模型的仿真精度依賴(lài)于模型的準(zhǔn)確度以及考慮的worse case,因此無(wú)論你的模型如何精確而考慮的worse case 不周全或者你考慮的worse case 如何周全而模型不精確,都是得不到較好的仿真精度。
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-16
上傳用戶(hù):zhouli
Introduction to Xilinx Packaging Electronic packages are interconnectable housings for semiconductor devices. The major functions of the electronic packages are to provide electrical interconnections between the IC and the board and to efficiently remove heat generated by the device. Feature sizes are constantly shrinking, resulting in increased number of transistors being packed into the device. Today's submicron technology is also enabling large-scale functional integration and system-on-a-chip solutions. In order to keep pace with these new advancements in silicon technologies, semiconductor packages have also evolved to provide improved device functionality and performance. Feature size at the device level is driving package feature sizes down to the design rules of the early transistors. To meet these demands, electronic packages must be flexible to address high pin counts, reduced pitch and form factor requirements. At the same time,packages must be reliable and cost effective.
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-21
上傳用戶(hù):不懂夜的黑
EDA (Electronic Design Automation)即“電子設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化”,是指以計(jì)算機(jī)為工作平臺(tái),以EDA軟件為開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,以硬件描述語(yǔ)言為設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言,以可編程器件PLD為實(shí)驗(yàn)載體(包括CPLD、FPGA、EPLD等),以集成電路芯片為目標(biāo)器件的電子產(chǎn)品自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”,因此,EDA工具在電子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中所占的份量越來(lái)越高。下面就介紹一些目前較為流行的EDA工具軟件。 PLD 及IC設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域的EDA工具,一般至少要包含仿真器(Simulator)、綜合器(Synthesizer)和配置器(Place and Routing, P&R)等幾個(gè)特殊的軟件包中的一個(gè)或多個(gè),因此這一領(lǐng)域的EDA工具就不包括Protel、PSpice、Ewb等原理圖和PCB板設(shè)計(jì)及電路仿真軟件。目前流行的EDA工具軟件有兩種分類(lèi)方法:一種是按公司類(lèi)別進(jìn)行分類(lèi),另一種是按功能進(jìn)行劃分。 若按公司類(lèi)別分,大體可分兩類(lèi):一類(lèi)是EDA 專(zhuān)業(yè)軟件公司,業(yè)內(nèi)最著名的三家公司是Cadence、Synopsys和Mentor Graphics;另一類(lèi)是PLD器件廠(chǎng)商為了銷(xiāo)售其產(chǎn)品而開(kāi)發(fā)的EDA工具,較著名的公司有Altera、Xilinx、lattice等。前者獨(dú)立于半導(dǎo)體器件廠(chǎng)商,具有良好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和兼容性,適合于學(xué)術(shù)研究單位使用,但系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、難于掌握且價(jià)格昂貴;后者能針對(duì)自己器件的工藝特點(diǎn)作出優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),提高資源利用率,降低功耗,改善性能,比較適合產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)單位使用。 若按功能分,大體可以分為以下三類(lèi)。 (1) 集成的PLD/FPGA開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 由半導(dǎo)體公司提供,基本上可以完成從設(shè)計(jì)輸入(原理圖或HDL)→仿真→綜合→布線(xiàn)→下載到器件等囊括所有PLD開(kāi)發(fā)流程的所有工作。如Altera公司的MaxplusⅡ、QuartusⅡ,Xilinx公司的ISE,Lattice公司的 ispDesignExpert等。其優(yōu)勢(shì)是功能全集成化,可以加快動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)試,縮短開(kāi)發(fā)周期;缺點(diǎn)是在綜合和仿真環(huán)節(jié)與專(zhuān)業(yè)的軟件相比,都不是非常優(yōu)秀的。 (2) 綜合類(lèi) 這類(lèi)軟件的功能是對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)輸入進(jìn)行邏輯分析、綜合和優(yōu)化,將硬件描述語(yǔ)句(通常是系統(tǒng)級(jí)的行為描述語(yǔ)句)翻譯成最基本的與或非門(mén)的連接關(guān)系(網(wǎng)表),導(dǎo)出給PLD/FPGA廠(chǎng)家的軟件進(jìn)行布局和布線(xiàn)。為了優(yōu)化結(jié)果,在進(jìn)行較復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),基本上都使用這些專(zhuān)業(yè)的邏輯綜合軟件,而不采用廠(chǎng)家提供的集成PLD/FPGA開(kāi)發(fā)工具。如Synplicity公司的Synplify、Synopsys公司的FPGAexpress、FPGA Compiler Ⅱ等。 (3) 仿真類(lèi) 這類(lèi)軟件的功能是對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行模擬仿真,包括布局布線(xiàn)(P&R)前的“功能仿真”(也叫“前仿真”)和P&R后的包含了門(mén)延時(shí)、線(xiàn)延時(shí)等的“時(shí)序仿真”(也叫“后仿真”)。復(fù)雜一些的設(shè)計(jì),一般需要使用這些專(zhuān)業(yè)的仿真軟件。因?yàn)橥瑯拥脑O(shè)計(jì)輸入,專(zhuān)業(yè)軟件的仿真速度比集成環(huán)境的速度快得多。此類(lèi)軟件最著名的要算Model Technology公司的Modelsim,Cadence公司的NC-Verilog/NC-VHDL/NC-SIM等。 以上介紹了一些具代表性的EDA 工具軟件。它們?cè)谛阅苌细饔兴L(zhǎng),有的綜合優(yōu)化能力突出,有的仿真模擬功能強(qiáng),好在多數(shù)工具能相互兼容,具有互操作性。比如Altera公司的 QuartusII集成開(kāi)發(fā)工具,就支持多種第三方的EDA軟件,用戶(hù)可以在QuartusII軟件中通過(guò)設(shè)置直接調(diào)用Modelsim和 Synplify進(jìn)行仿真和綜合。 如果設(shè)計(jì)的硬件系統(tǒng)不是很大,對(duì)綜合和仿真的要求不是很高,那么可以在一個(gè)集成的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境中完成整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)流程。如果要進(jìn)行復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),則常規(guī)的方法是多種EDA工具協(xié)調(diào)工作,集各家之所長(zhǎng)來(lái)完成設(shè)計(jì)流程。
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-11
上傳用戶(hù):1079836864
Abstract: This application note discusses the development and deployment of 3G cellular femtocell base stations. The technicalchallenges for last-mile residential connectivity and adding system capacity in dense urban environments are discussed, with 3Gfemtocell base stations as a cost-effective solution. Maxim's 3GPP TS25.104-compliant transceiver solution is presented along withcomplete radio reference designs such as RD2550. For more information on the RD2550, see reference design 5364, "FemtocellRadio Reference Designs Using the MAX2550–MAX2553 Transceivers."
標(biāo)簽: Base-Station Applications Single-Chip Transceiver
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶(hù):超凡大師
This application note provides users with a general understanding of the SVF and XSVF fileformats as they apply to Xilinx devices. Some familiarity with IEEE STD 1149.1 (JTAG) isassumed. For information on using Serial Vector Format (SVF) and Xilinx Serial Vector Format(XSVF) files in embedded programming applications
標(biāo)簽: Xilinx XAPP XSVF 503
上傳時(shí)間: 2015-01-02
上傳用戶(hù):時(shí)代將軍
This application note provides a detailed description of the Spartan™-3 configurationarchitecture. It explains the composition of the bitstream file and how this bitstream isinterpreted by the configuration logic to program the part. Additionally, a methodology ispresented that will guide the user through the readback process. This information can be usedfor partial reconfiguration or partial readback.
標(biāo)簽: Spartan XAPP 452 架構(gòu)
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-16
上傳用戶(hù):qingdou
Express Mode uses an 8-bit wide bus path for fast configuration of Xilinx FPGAs. Thisapplication note provides information on how to perform Express configuration specifically forthe Spartan™-XL family. The Express mode signals and their associated timing are defined.The steps of Express configuration are described in detail, followed by detailed instructions thatshow how to implement the configuration circui
標(biāo)簽: Spartan-XL Express XAPP FPGA
上傳時(shí)間: 2015-01-02
上傳用戶(hù):nanxia
This application note shows how to achieve low-cost, efficient serial configuration for Spartan FPGA designs. The approachrecommended here takes advantage of unused resources in a design, thereby reducing the cost, part count, memory size,and board space associated with the serial configuration circuitry. As a result, neither processor nor PROM needs to be fullydedicated to performing Spartan configuration.In particular, information is provided on how the idle processing time of an on-board controller can be used to loadconfiguration data from an off-board source. As a result, it is possible to upgrade a Spartan design in the field by sending thebitstream over a network.
標(biāo)簽: Spartan XAPP FPGA 098
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-01
上傳用戶(hù):wojiaohs
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