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Low-Density

  • 高性能覆銅板的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及對(duì)環(huán)氧樹脂性能的新需求

    討論、研究高性能覆銅板對(duì)它所用的環(huán)氧樹脂的性能要求,應(yīng)是立足整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度去觀察、分析。特別應(yīng)從HDI多層板發(fā)展對(duì)高性能CCL有哪些主要性能需求上著手研究。HDI多層板有哪些發(fā)展特點(diǎn),它的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)如何——這都是我們所要研究的高性能CCL發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和重點(diǎn)的基本依據(jù)。而HDI多層板的技術(shù)發(fā)展,又是由它的應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)——終端電子產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展所驅(qū)動(dòng)(見(jiàn)圖1)。 圖1 在HDI多層板產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中各類產(chǎn)品對(duì)下游產(chǎn)品的性能需求關(guān)系圖 1.HDI多層板發(fā)展特點(diǎn)對(duì)高性能覆銅板技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響1.1 HDI多層板的問(wèn)世,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)PCB技術(shù)及其基板材料技術(shù)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)20世紀(jì)90年代初,出現(xiàn)新一代高密度互連(High Density Interconnection,簡(jiǎn)稱為 HDI)印制電路板——積層法多層板(Build—Up Multiplayer printed board,簡(jiǎn)稱為 BUM)的最早開(kāi)發(fā)成果。它的問(wèn)世是全世界幾十年的印制電路板技術(shù)發(fā)展歷程中的重大事件。積層法多層板即HDI多層板,至今仍是發(fā)展HDI的PCB的最好、最普遍的產(chǎn)品形式。在HDI多層板之上,將最新PCB尖端技術(shù)體現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。HDI多層板產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)具有三大突出的特征:“微孔、細(xì)線、薄層化”。其中“微孔”是它的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)中核心與靈魂。因此,現(xiàn)又將這類HDI多層板稱作為“微孔板”。HDI多層板已經(jīng)歷了十幾年的發(fā)展歷程,但它在技術(shù)上仍充滿著朝氣蓬勃的活力,在市場(chǎng)上仍有著前程廣闊的空間。

    標(biāo)簽: 性能 發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 覆銅板 環(huán)氧樹脂

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-19

    上傳用戶:zczc

  • 高精度溫度測(cè)量鉑電阻溫度探測(cè)器(PRTDs)和??ADC

    Abstract: Many modern industrial, medical, and commercial applications require temperature measurements in the extended temperature rangewith accuracies of ±0.3°C or better, performed with reasonable cost and often with low power consumption. This article explains how platinumresistance temperature detectors (PRTDs) can perform measurements over wide temperature ranges of -200°C to +850°C, with absolute accuracyand repeatability better than ±0.3°C, when used with modern processors capable of resolving nonlinear mathematical equation quickly and costeffectively. This article is the second installment of a series on PRTDs. For the first installment, please read application note 4875, "High-Accuracy Temperature Measurements Call for Platinum Resistance Temperature Detectors (PRTDs) and Precision Delta-Sigma ADCs."

    標(biāo)簽: PRTDs ADC 高精度 溫度測(cè)量

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-06

    上傳用戶:WMC_geophy

  • ADC簡(jiǎn)化測(cè)量高阻抗傳感器

      Delta-sigma ADCs, with their high accuracy and high noiseimmunity, are ideal for directly measuring many typesof sensors. Nevertheless, input sampling currents canoverwhelm high source impedances or low-bandwidth,micropower signal conditioning circuits. The LTC®2484family of delta sigma converters solves this problem bybalancing the input currents, thussimplifying or eliminatingthe need for signal conditioning circuits.

    標(biāo)簽: ADC 測(cè)量 傳感器 高阻抗

    上傳時(shí)間: 2015-01-03

    上傳用戶:潛水的三貢

  • LT5514三階互調(diào)的精確測(cè)量

      Accurate measurement of the third order intercept pointfor low distortion IC products such as the LT5514 requirescertain precautions to be observed in the test setup andtesting procedure. The LT5514 linearity performance ishigh enough to push the test equipment and test set-up totheir limits. A method for accurate measurement of thirdorder intermodulation products, IM3, with standard testequipment is outlined below.It is also important to correctly interpret the LT5514specification with respect to ROUT, and the impact ofdemo-board transmission-line termination loss whenevaluating the linearity performance, as explained in theLT5514 Datasheet and in Note 1 of this document.

    標(biāo)簽: 5514 LT 三階互調(diào) 精確測(cè)量

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-14

    上傳用戶:l254587896

  • 低噪聲電壓基準(zhǔn)的噪聲測(cè)量

      Frequently, voltage reference stability and noise defi nemeasurement limits in instrumentation systems. In particular,reference noise often sets stable resolution limits.Reference voltages have decreased with the continuingdrop in system power supply voltages, making referencenoise increasingly important. The compressed signalprocessing range mandates a commensurate reductionin reference noise to maintain resolution. Noise ultimatelytranslates into quantization uncertainty in A to D converters,introducing jitter in applications such as scales, inertialnavigation systems, infrared thermography, DVMs andmedical imaging apparatus. A new low voltage reference,the LTC6655, has only 0.3ppm (775nV) noise at 2.5VOUT.Figure 1 lists salient specifi cations in tabular form. Accuracyand temperature coeffi cient are characteristic ofhigh grade, low voltage references. 0.1Hz to 10Hz noise,particularly noteworthy, is unequalled by any low voltageelectronic reference.

    標(biāo)簽: 低噪聲 電壓基準(zhǔn) 噪聲測(cè)量

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-30

    上傳用戶:wxhwjf

  • 基于MASON公式的多功能二階通用濾波器設(shè)計(jì)

    基于通用集成運(yùn)算放大器,利用MASON公式設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)多功能二階通用濾波器,能同時(shí)或分別實(shí)現(xiàn)低通、高通和帶通濾波,也能設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)正交振蕩器。電路的極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)能夠獨(dú)立、精確地調(diào)節(jié)。電路使用4個(gè)集成運(yùn)放、2個(gè)電容和11個(gè)電阻,所有集成運(yùn)放的反相端虛地。利用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真電路的通用濾波功能、極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)的獨(dú)立控制和正交正弦振蕩,從而證明該濾波器正確有效。 Abstract:  A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions, such as high-pass, band-pass, low-pass filtering, can be realized respectively and simultaneously, and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs, two capacitors, and eleven resistances, and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering, the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer, and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.

    標(biāo)簽: MASON 多功能 二階 濾波器設(shè)計(jì)

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-09

    上傳用戶:13788529953

  • SL811開(kāi)發(fā)資料_包含源程序_電路圖_芯片資料

    SL811開(kāi)發(fā)資料_包含源程序_電路圖_芯片資料:SL811HS Embedded USB Host/Slave Controller.The SL811HS is an Embedded USB Host/Slave Controller capable of communicate with either full-speed or low-speed USB peripherals. The SL811HS can interface to devices such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, or directly to a variety of buses such as ISA, PCMCIA, and others. The SL811HS USB Host Controller conforms to USB Specification 1.1.The SL811HS USB Host/Slave Controller incorporates USB Serial Interface functionality along with internal full-/low-speed transceivers.The SL811HS supports and operates in USB full-speed mode at 12 Mbps, or at low-speed 1.5-Mbps mode.The SL811HS data port and microprocessor interface provide an 8-bit data path I/O or DMA bidirectional, with interrupt support to allow easy interface to standard microprocessors or microcontrollers such as Motorola or Intel CPUs and many others. Internally,the SL811HS contains a 256-byte RAM data buffer which is used for control registers and data buffer.The available package types offered are a 28-pin PLCC (SL811HS) and a 48-pin TQFP package (SL811HST-AC). Both packages operate at 3.3 VDC. The I/O interface logic is 5V-tolerant.

    標(biāo)簽: 811 SL 開(kāi)發(fā)資料 源程序

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-12-22

    上傳用戶:a82531317

  • Arduino應(yīng)用_Arduino連接超聲波傳感器測(cè)距

    超聲波傳感器適用于對(duì)大幅的平面進(jìn)行靜止測(cè)距。普通的超聲波傳感器測(cè)距范圍大概是 2cm~450cm,分辨率3mm(淘寶賣家說(shuō)的,筆者測(cè)試環(huán)境沒(méi)那么好,個(gè)人實(shí)測(cè)比較穩(wěn)定的 距離10cm~2m 左右,超過(guò)此距離就經(jīng)常有偶然不準(zhǔn)確的情況發(fā)生了,當(dāng)然不排除筆者技術(shù) 問(wèn)題。) 測(cè)試對(duì)象是淘寶上面最便宜的SRF-04 超聲波傳感器,有四個(gè)腳:5v 電源腳(Vcc),觸發(fā)控制端(Trig),接收端(Echo),地端(GND) 附:SRF 系列超聲波傳感器參數(shù)比較   模塊工作原理: 采用IO 觸發(fā)測(cè)距,給至少10us 的高電平信號(hào); 模塊自動(dòng)發(fā)送8個(gè)40KHz 的方波,自動(dòng)檢測(cè)是否有信號(hào)返回; 有信號(hào)返回,通過(guò)IO 輸出一高電平,高電平持續(xù)的時(shí)間就是超聲波從發(fā)射到返回的時(shí)間.測(cè)試距離=(高電平時(shí)間*聲速(340m/s))/2; 電路連接方法   Arduino 程序例子: constintTrigPin = 2; constintEchoPin = 3; floatcm; voidsetup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(TrigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT); } voidloop() { digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); //低高低電平發(fā)一個(gè)短時(shí)間脈沖去TrigPin delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(TrigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); cm = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH) / 58.0; //將回波時(shí)間換算成cm cm = (int(cm * 100.0)) / 100.0; //保留兩位小數(shù) Serial.print(cm); Serial.print("cm"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); }

    標(biāo)簽: Arduino 連接 超聲波傳感器

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-01

    上傳用戶:xiaoyuer

  • Arduino學(xué)習(xí)筆記4_Arduino軟件模擬PWM

    注:1.這篇文章斷斷續(xù)續(xù)寫了很久,畫圖技術(shù)也不精,難免錯(cuò)漏,大家湊合看.有問(wèn)題可以留言.      2.論壇排版把我的代碼縮進(jìn)全弄沒(méi)了,大家將代碼粘貼到arduino編譯器,然后按ctrl+T重新格式化代碼格式即可看的舒服. 一、什么是PWM PWM 即Pulse Wavelength Modulation 脈寬調(diào)制波,通過(guò)調(diào)整輸出信號(hào)占空比,從而達(dá)到改 變輸出平均電壓的目的。相信Arduino 的PWM 大家都不陌生,在Arduino Duemilanove 2009 中,有6 個(gè)8 位精度PWM 引腳,分別是3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 腳。我們可以使用analogWrite()控 制PWM 腳輸出頻率大概在500Hz 的左右的PWM 調(diào)制波。分辨率8 位即2 的8 次方等于 256 級(jí)精度。但是有時(shí)候我們會(huì)覺(jué)得6 個(gè)PWM 引腳不夠用。比如我們做一個(gè)10 路燈調(diào)光, 就需要有10 個(gè)PWM 腳。Arduino Duemilanove 2009 有13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸出腳,如果它們都可以 PWM 的話,就能滿足條件了。于是本文介紹用軟件模擬PWM。 二、Arduino 軟件模擬PWM Arduino PWM 調(diào)壓原理:PWM 有好幾種方法。而Arduino 因?yàn)殡娫春蛯?shí)現(xiàn)難度限制,一般 使用周期恒定,占空比變化的單極性PWM。 通過(guò)調(diào)整一個(gè)周期里面輸出腳高/低電平的時(shí)間比(即是占空比)去獲得給一個(gè)用電器不同 的平均功率。 如圖所示,假設(shè)PWM 波形周期1ms(即1kHz),分辨率1000 級(jí)。那么需要一個(gè)信號(hào)時(shí)間 精度1ms/1000=1us 的信號(hào)源,即1MHz。所以說(shuō),PWM 的實(shí)現(xiàn)難點(diǎn)在于需要使用很高頻的 信號(hào)源,才能獲得快速與高精度。下面先由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的PWM 程序開(kāi)始: const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 255; i++) { if(i < bright) { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(30); } else { digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(30); } } } 這是一個(gè)軟件PWM 控制Arduino D13 引腳的例子。只需要一塊Arduino 即可測(cè)試此代碼。 程序解析:由for 循環(huán)可以看出,完成一個(gè)PWM 周期,共循環(huán)255 次。 假設(shè)bright=100 時(shí)候,在第0~100 次循環(huán)中,i 等于1 到99 均小于bright,于是輸出PWMPin 高電平; 然后第100 到255 次循環(huán)里面,i 等于100~255 大于bright,于是輸出PWMPin 低電平。無(wú) 論輸出高低電平都保持30us。 那么說(shuō),如果bright=100 的話,就有100 次循環(huán)是高電平,155 次循環(huán)是低電平。 如果忽略指令執(zhí)行時(shí)間的話,這次的PWM 波形占空比為100/255,如果調(diào)整bright 的值, 就能改變接在D13 的LED 的亮度。 這里設(shè)置了每次for 循環(huán)之后,將bright 加一,并且當(dāng)bright 加到255 時(shí)歸0。所以,我們 看到的最終效果就是LED 慢慢變亮,到頂之后然后突然暗回去重新變亮。 這是最基本的PWM 方法,也應(yīng)該是大家想的比較多的想法。 然后介紹一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)的。思維風(fēng)格完全不同。不過(guò)對(duì)于驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)LED 來(lái)說(shuō),效果與上面 的程序一樣。 const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(bright*30); digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds((255 - bright)*30); if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; } 可以看出,這段代碼少了一個(gè)For 循環(huán)。它先輸出一個(gè)高電平,然后維持(bright*30)us。然 后輸出一個(gè)低電平,維持時(shí)間((255-bright)*30)us。這樣兩次高低就能完成一個(gè)PWM 周期。 分辨率也是255。 三、多引腳PWM Arduino 本身已有PWM 引腳并且運(yùn)行起來(lái)不占CPU 時(shí)間,所以軟件模擬一個(gè)引腳的PWM 完全沒(méi)有實(shí)用意義。我們軟件模擬的價(jià)值在于:他能將任意的數(shù)字IO 口變成PWM 引腳。 當(dāng)一片Arduino 要同時(shí)控制多個(gè)PWM,并且沒(méi)有其他重任務(wù)的時(shí)候,就要用軟件PWM 了。 多引腳PWM 有一種下面的方式: int brights[14] = {0}; //定義14個(gè)引腳的初始亮度,可以隨意設(shè)置 int StartPWMPin = 0, EndPWMPin = 13; //設(shè)置D0~D13為PWM 引腳 int PWMResolution = 255; //設(shè)置PWM 占空比分辨率 void setup() { //定義所有IO 端輸出 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { pinMode(i, OUTPUT); //隨便定義個(gè)初始亮度,便于觀察 brights[ i ] = random(0, 255); } } void loop() { //這for 循環(huán)是為14盞燈做漸亮的。每次Arduino loop()循環(huán), //brights 自增一次。直到brights=255時(shí)候,將brights 置零重新計(jì)數(shù)。 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { if((brights[i]++) == PWMResolution) brights[i] = 0; } for(int i = 0; i <= PWMResolution; i++) //i 是計(jì)數(shù)一個(gè)PWM 周期 { for(int j = StartPWMPin; j <= EndPWMPin; j++) //每個(gè)PWM 周期均遍歷所有引腳 { if(i < brights[j])\   所以我們要更改PWM 周期的話,我們將精度(代碼里面的變量:PWMResolution)降低就行,比如一般調(diào)整LED 亮度的話,我們用64 級(jí)精度就行。這樣速度就是2x32x64=4ms。就不會(huì)閃了。

    標(biāo)簽: Arduino PWM 軟件模擬

    上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-23

    上傳用戶:mqien

  • libpcap is a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture. libpcap provides a portable

    libpcap is a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture. libpcap provides a portable framework for low-level network monitoring. Applications include network statistics collection, security monitoring, network debugging, etc.

    標(biāo)簽: libpcap system-independent user-level interface

    上傳時(shí)間: 2014-08-11

    上傳用戶:saharawalker

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