Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
Abstract: Most hand-held products lack accurate battery-charge monitors ("fuel gauges") because of the misconception that an accurate fuel gauge is difficult to achieve. This article debunks the myths and discusses how to accurately monitor charge at all temperatures, charge and discharge rates, and aging conditions.
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating
---- any Xilinx primitives in this code.
--library UNISIM;
--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;
entity counter is
Port ( clk : in std_logic;
resetn : in std_logic;
dout : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
lcd_en : out std_logic;
lcd_rs : out std_logic;
lcd_rw : out std_logic);
end counter;
C++在幾乎所有的計算環境中都非常普及，而且可以用于幾乎所有的應用程序。C++從C中繼承了過程化編程的高效性，并集成了面向對象編程的功能。C++在其標準庫中提供了大量的功能。有許多商業C++庫支持數量眾多的操作系統環境和專業應用程序。但因為它的內容太多了，所以掌握C++并不十分容易。本書詳述了C++語言的各個方面，包括數據類型、程序控制、函數、指針、調試、類、重載、繼承、多態性、模板、異常和輸入輸出等內容。每一章都以前述內容為基礎，每個關鍵點都用具體的示例進行詳細的講解。本書基本不需要讀者具備任何C++知識，書中包含了理解C++的所有必要知識，讀者可以從頭開始編寫自己的C++程序。本書也適合于具備另一種語言編程經驗但希望全面掌握C++語言的讀者。
I created all the files under Microsoft Windows so lines are terminated by CR/LF.
In addition to this "ReadMe" file you will find three zip archives in the primary archive, so you need to unzip each of these to get at the code.
為PDG格式,這有pdg閱讀器下載|pdg文件閱讀器下載
資料說明介紹
PCB Translator_CAMCAD轉換器3.95版本，里面含CAMCAD_3.9.5a_crack文件，可以對軟件進行破解 （需要安裝PCB Translator后才能進行破解）
針對PCB設計文件的RSI轉換器能夠轉換PCB設計和生產所需要的所有信息。它們包括：庫，布置位置，插入屬性信息，網表，走線，文字和銅箔，以及其它相關的項目。不需要執行"導入Gerber"和"交叉參考"就可以完成所有這些工作。事實上，根本不需要定義參考，因為軟件可以從原始文件格式中提取出CAD數據，并把它直接輸出到新的文件格式中。只需要注意CAD系統本身的限制就可以了。
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器是一個功能完善的PCB CAD 轉換器，圖形用戶界面也很淺顯易懂。CAMCAD PCB 轉換器支持大多數流行的CAD格式，比如Cadence Allegro, Orcad, Mentor and Accel EDA,也支持工業標準格式，比如GenCAM, GenCAD, and IPC-D-356.CAMCAD PCB 轉換器允許導入CAD文件到CAMCAD圖形用戶環境中，校驗數據，修改數據，然后可以把數據導出為任意格式的文件。這些特性意味著用戶可以完全控制所有的事情，比如層的轉換，也能解決CAD格式之間不兼容的問題。
一個案例,如果要轉換Cadence Allegro文件到PADS,所有必須的設計信息都會包含在新的文件中。不過，Cadence Allegro允許板子上的銅箔重疊，PADS卻不允許。Allegro 文件可以正常導入到CAMCAD。如果要立即把這個文件導出到PADS，程序會有錯誤提示。這時，可以使用CAMCAD的數據處理特性來改變有問題的銅箔，解決問題后再導出到PADS。
下面的矩陣表格，列出了CAMCAD PCB 轉換器所支持的當前PCB的轉換組合。Import Modules 一列中列出了可以被導入（讀取）的所有ECAD文件格式。Export Modules一行中列出了可以被導出（寫）的文件格式。在這個矩陣中的任意輸入和輸出模塊組合轉換都是可行的。當然，沒有任何ECAD到ECAD的轉換器是絕對完美的。由于ECAD layout系統有自己獨特的特性，而這些可能不能直接轉換到另一個有自己獨特特性的ECAD系統中。
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器支持的組合
建議配置：Windows 2000 或者 XP Professional，800 MHZ 處理器，512MB RAM 17"顯示器，1024×768分辨率
Copyright 2004 Router Solutions Incorporated
RSI Reserves the right to make changes to its specifications and products without prior notice.
CAMCAD is a registered trademark of Router Solutions Incorporated. All rights reserved.
RSI recognizes other brand and product names as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
資料說明介紹
PCB Translator_CAMCAD轉換器3.95版本，里面含CAMCAD_3.9.5a_crack文件，可以對軟件進行破解 （需要安裝PCB Translator后才能進行破解）
針對PCB設計文件的RSI轉換器能夠轉換PCB設計和生產所需要的所有信息。它們包括：庫，布置位置，插入屬性信息，網表，走線，文字和銅箔，以及其它相關的項目。不需要執行"導入Gerber"和"交叉參考"就可以完成所有這些工作。事實上，根本不需要定義參考，因為軟件可以從原始文件格式中提取出CAD數據，并把它直接輸出到新的文件格式中。只需要注意CAD系統本身的限制就可以了。
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器是一個功能完善的PCB CAD 轉換器，圖形用戶界面也很淺顯易懂。CAMCAD PCB 轉換器支持大多數流行的CAD格式，比如Cadence Allegro, Orcad, Mentor and Accel EDA,也支持工業標準格式，比如GenCAM, GenCAD, and IPC-D-356.CAMCAD PCB 轉換器允許導入CAD文件到CAMCAD圖形用戶環境中，校驗數據，修改數據，然后可以把數據導出為任意格式的文件。這些特性意味著用戶可以完全控制所有的事情，比如層的轉換，也能解決CAD格式之間不兼容的問題。
一個案例,如果要轉換Cadence Allegro文件到PADS,所有必須的設計信息都會包含在新的文件中。不過，Cadence Allegro允許板子上的銅箔重疊，PADS卻不允許。Allegro 文件可以正常導入到CAMCAD。如果要立即把這個文件導出到PADS，程序會有錯誤提示。這時，可以使用CAMCAD的數據處理特性來改變有問題的銅箔，解決問題后再導出到PADS。
下面的矩陣表格，列出了CAMCAD PCB 轉換器所支持的當前PCB的轉換組合。Import Modules 一列中列出了可以被導入（讀取）的所有ECAD文件格式。Export Modules一行中列出了可以被導出（寫）的文件格式。在這個矩陣中的任意輸入和輸出模塊組合轉換都是可行的。當然，沒有任何ECAD到ECAD的轉換器是絕對完美的。由于ECAD layout系統有自己獨特的特性，而這些可能不能直接轉換到另一個有自己獨特特性的ECAD系統中。
CAMCAD PCB 轉換器支持的組合
建議配置：Windows 2000 或者 XP Professional，800 MHZ 處理器，512MB RAM 17"顯示器，1024×768分辨率
Copyright 2004 Router Solutions Incorporated
RSI Reserves the right to make changes to its specifications and products without prior notice.
CAMCAD is a registered trademark of Router Solutions Incorporated. All rights reserved.
RSI recognizes other brand and product names as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
中文版詳情瀏覽：http://www.elecfans.com/emb/fpga/20130715324029.html
Xilinx UltraScale:The Next-Generation Architecture for Your Next-Generation Architecture
The Xilinx® UltraScale™ architecture delivers unprecedented levels of integration and capability with ASIC-class system- level performance for the most demanding applications.
The UltraScale architecture is the industr y's f irst application of leading-edge ASIC architectural enhancements in an All Programmable architecture that scales from 20 nm planar through 16 nm FinFET technologies and beyond, in addition to scaling from monolithic through 3D ICs. Through analytical co-optimization with the X ilinx V ivado® Design Suite, the UltraScale architecture provides massive routing capacity while intelligently resolving typical bottlenecks in ways never before possible. This design synergy achieves greater than 90% utilization with no performance degradation.
Some of the UltraScale architecture breakthroughs include:
• Strategic placement (virtually anywhere on the die) of ASIC-like system clocks, reducing clock skew by up to 50%
• Latency-producing pipelining is virtually unnecessary in systems with massively parallel bus architecture, increasing system speed and capability
• Potential timing-closure problems and interconnect bottlenecks are eliminated, even in systems requiring 90% or more resource utilization
• 3D IC integration makes it possible to build larger devices one process generation ahead of the current industr y standard
• Greatly increased system performance, including multi-gigabit serial transceivers, I/O, and memor y bandwidth is available within even smaller system power budgets
• Greatly enhanced DSP and packet handling
The Xilinx UltraScale architecture opens up whole new dimensions for designers of ultra-high-capacity solutions.
面向Eclips的Nios II軟件構建工具手冊
The Nios® II Software Build Tools (SBT) for Eclipse™ is a set of plugins based on the
Eclipse™ framework and the Eclipse C/C++ development toolkit (CDT) plugins. The
Nios II SBT for Eclipse provides a consistent development platform that works for all
Nios II embedded processor systems. You can accomplish all Nios II software
development tasks within Eclipse, including creating, editing, building, running,
debugging, and profiling programs.
