集合式直流電能表(小功率的) 特點(diǎn): 精確度0.05%滿刻度±1位數(shù) 可同時(shí)量測(cè)與顯示/直流電壓/電流/瓦特(千瓦)/瓦特小時(shí)(千瓦小時(shí)) 電壓輸入(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V)自動(dòng)變檔功能 顯示范圍0-9999(電流/瓦特/千瓦),0至99999999(八位數(shù)瓦特小時(shí))可任意規(guī)劃 數(shù)位RS-485 界面 (Optional) 主要規(guī)格: 輔助電源消耗功率:<0.35VA(DC12V/DC24V) <0.5VA(DC48V) <1.5VA(AC90-240V(50/60Hz)) 精確度: 0.05% F.S. ±1 digit (23 ±5℃) 輸入范圍:Auto range(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V(DC voltage)) 輸入抗阻:>5MΩ(DC voltage) 取樣時(shí)間:10 cycles/second(total) 過載顯示: " doFL " 顯示值范圍: 0-9999 digit(DCA/W(KW)) 0-9999999.999 digit(WH/(KWH)) RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF"(0-255) RS-485通信協(xié)議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數(shù): 50ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕:Bight Red LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數(shù)設(shè)定方式: Touch switches 記憶方式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 絕緣耐壓能力:2KVac/1min.(input/output)(RS-485(Isolating)) 1600 Vdc (input/output) (RS-485(Isolating)) 使用環(huán)境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認(rèn)證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-20
上傳用戶:s363994250
Abstract: Many modern industrial, medical, and commercial applications require temperature measurements in the extended temperature rangewith accuracies of ±0.3°C or better, performed with reasonable cost and often with low power consumption. This article explains how platinumresistance temperature detectors (PRTDs) can perform measurements over wide temperature ranges of -200°C to +850°C, with absolute accuracyand repeatability better than ±0.3°C, when used with modern processors capable of resolving nonlinear mathematical equation quickly and costeffectively. This article is the second installment of a series on PRTDs. For the first installment, please read application note 4875, "High-Accuracy Temperature Measurements Call for Platinum Resistance Temperature Detectors (PRTDs) and Precision Delta-Sigma ADCs."
標(biāo)簽: PRTDs ADC 高精度 溫度測(cè)量
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-06
上傳用戶:WMC_geophy
The data plane of the reference design consists of a configurable multi-channel XBERT modulethat generates and checks high-speed serial data transmitted and received by the MGTs. Eachchannel in the XBERT module consists of two MGTs (MGTA and MGTB), which physicallyoccupy one MGT tile in the Virtex-4 FPGA. Each MGT has its own pattern checker, but bothMGTs in a channel share the same pattern generator. Each channel can load a differentpattern. The MGT serial rate depends on the reference clock frequency and the internal PMAdivider settings. The reference design can be scaled anywhere from one channel (two MGTs)to twelve channels (twenty-four MGTs).
標(biāo)簽: RocketIO Virtex XAPP 713
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-12-25
上傳用戶:jkhjkh1982
Delta-sigma ADCs, with their high accuracy and high noiseimmunity, are ideal for directly measuring many typesof sensors. Nevertheless, input sampling currents canoverwhelm high source impedances or low-bandwidth,micropower signal conditioning circuits. The LTC®2484family of delta sigma converters solves this problem bybalancing the input currents, thussimplifying or eliminatingthe need for signal conditioning circuits.
上傳時(shí)間: 2015-01-03
上傳用戶:潛水的三貢
The high defi nition multimedia interface (HDMI) is fastbecoming the de facto standard for passing digitalaudio and video data in home entertainment systems.This standard includes an I2C type bus called a displaydata channel (DDC) that is used to pass extended digitalinterface data (EDID) from the sinkdevice (such as adigital TV) to the source device (such as a digital A/Vreceiver). EDID includes vital information on the digitaldata formats that the sink device can accept. The HDMIspecifi cation requires that devices have less than 50pFof input capacitance on their DDC bus lines, which canbe very diffi cult to meet. The LTC®4300A’s capacitancebuffering feature allows devices to pass the HDMI DDCinput capacitance compliance test with ease.
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-21
上傳用戶:tian126vip
基于通用集成運(yùn)算放大器,利用MASON公式設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)多功能二階通用濾波器,能同時(shí)或分別實(shí)現(xiàn)低通、高通和帶通濾波,也能設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)正交振蕩器。電路的極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)能夠獨(dú)立、精確地調(diào)節(jié)。電路使用4個(gè)集成運(yùn)放、2個(gè)電容和11個(gè)電阻,所有集成運(yùn)放的反相端虛地。利用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真電路的通用濾波功能、極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)的獨(dú)立控制和正交正弦振蕩,從而證明該濾波器正確有效。 Abstract: A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions, such as high-pass, band-pass, low-pass filtering, can be realized respectively and simultaneously, and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs, two capacitors, and eleven resistances, and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering, the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer, and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.
標(biāo)簽: MASON 多功能 二階 濾波器設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-09
上傳用戶:13788529953
This application note discusses a variety of approaches for interfacing analog signals to 5V powered systems. Synthesizing a "rail-to-rail" op amp and scaling techniques for A/D converters are covered. A voltage-to-frequency converter, applicable where high resolution is required, is also presented.
標(biāo)簽: 微處理器 系統(tǒng)接口
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-12
上傳用戶:181992417
超聲波傳感器適用于對(duì)大幅的平面進(jìn)行靜止測(cè)距。普通的超聲波傳感器測(cè)距范圍大概是 2cm~450cm,分辨率3mm(淘寶賣家說的,筆者測(cè)試環(huán)境沒那么好,個(gè)人實(shí)測(cè)比較穩(wěn)定的 距離10cm~2m 左右,超過此距離就經(jīng)常有偶然不準(zhǔn)確的情況發(fā)生了,當(dāng)然不排除筆者技術(shù) 問題。) 測(cè)試對(duì)象是淘寶上面最便宜的SRF-04 超聲波傳感器,有四個(gè)腳:5v 電源腳(Vcc),觸發(fā)控制端(Trig),接收端(Echo),地端(GND) 附:SRF 系列超聲波傳感器參數(shù)比較 模塊工作原理: 采用IO 觸發(fā)測(cè)距,給至少10us 的高電平信號(hào); 模塊自動(dòng)發(fā)送8個(gè)40KHz 的方波,自動(dòng)檢測(cè)是否有信號(hào)返回; 有信號(hào)返回,通過IO 輸出一高電平,高電平持續(xù)的時(shí)間就是超聲波從發(fā)射到返回的時(shí)間.測(cè)試距離=(高電平時(shí)間*聲速(340m/s))/2; 電路連接方法 Arduino 程序例子: constintTrigPin = 2; constintEchoPin = 3; floatcm; voidsetup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(TrigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT); } voidloop() { digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); //低高低電平發(fā)一個(gè)短時(shí)間脈沖去TrigPin delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(TrigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); cm = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH) / 58.0; //將回波時(shí)間換算成cm cm = (int(cm * 100.0)) / 100.0; //保留兩位小數(shù) Serial.print(cm); Serial.print("cm"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); }
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-11-01
上傳用戶:xiaoyuer
注:1.這篇文章斷斷續(xù)續(xù)寫了很久,畫圖技術(shù)也不精,難免錯(cuò)漏,大家湊合看.有問題可以留言. 2.論壇排版把我的代碼縮進(jìn)全弄沒了,大家將代碼粘貼到arduino編譯器,然后按ctrl+T重新格式化代碼格式即可看的舒服. 一、什么是PWM PWM 即Pulse Wavelength Modulation 脈寬調(diào)制波,通過調(diào)整輸出信號(hào)占空比,從而達(dá)到改 變輸出平均電壓的目的。相信Arduino 的PWM 大家都不陌生,在Arduino Duemilanove 2009 中,有6 個(gè)8 位精度PWM 引腳,分別是3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 腳。我們可以使用analogWrite()控 制PWM 腳輸出頻率大概在500Hz 的左右的PWM 調(diào)制波。分辨率8 位即2 的8 次方等于 256 級(jí)精度。但是有時(shí)候我們會(huì)覺得6 個(gè)PWM 引腳不夠用。比如我們做一個(gè)10 路燈調(diào)光, 就需要有10 個(gè)PWM 腳。Arduino Duemilanove 2009 有13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸出腳,如果它們都可以 PWM 的話,就能滿足條件了。于是本文介紹用軟件模擬PWM。 二、Arduino 軟件模擬PWM Arduino PWM 調(diào)壓原理:PWM 有好幾種方法。而Arduino 因?yàn)殡娫春蛯?shí)現(xiàn)難度限制,一般 使用周期恒定,占空比變化的單極性PWM。 通過調(diào)整一個(gè)周期里面輸出腳高/低電平的時(shí)間比(即是占空比)去獲得給一個(gè)用電器不同 的平均功率。 如圖所示,假設(shè)PWM 波形周期1ms(即1kHz),分辨率1000 級(jí)。那么需要一個(gè)信號(hào)時(shí)間 精度1ms/1000=1us 的信號(hào)源,即1MHz。所以說,PWM 的實(shí)現(xiàn)難點(diǎn)在于需要使用很高頻的 信號(hào)源,才能獲得快速與高精度。下面先由一個(gè)簡單的PWM 程序開始: const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 255; i++) { if(i < bright) { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(30); } else { digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(30); } } } 這是一個(gè)軟件PWM 控制Arduino D13 引腳的例子。只需要一塊Arduino 即可測(cè)試此代碼。 程序解析:由for 循環(huán)可以看出,完成一個(gè)PWM 周期,共循環(huán)255 次。 假設(shè)bright=100 時(shí)候,在第0~100 次循環(huán)中,i 等于1 到99 均小于bright,于是輸出PWMPin 高電平; 然后第100 到255 次循環(huán)里面,i 等于100~255 大于bright,于是輸出PWMPin 低電平。無 論輸出高低電平都保持30us。 那么說,如果bright=100 的話,就有100 次循環(huán)是高電平,155 次循環(huán)是低電平。 如果忽略指令執(zhí)行時(shí)間的話,這次的PWM 波形占空比為100/255,如果調(diào)整bright 的值, 就能改變接在D13 的LED 的亮度。 這里設(shè)置了每次for 循環(huán)之后,將bright 加一,并且當(dāng)bright 加到255 時(shí)歸0。所以,我們 看到的最終效果就是LED 慢慢變亮,到頂之后然后突然暗回去重新變亮。 這是最基本的PWM 方法,也應(yīng)該是大家想的比較多的想法。 然后介紹一個(gè)簡單一點(diǎn)的。思維風(fēng)格完全不同。不過對(duì)于驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)LED 來說,效果與上面 的程序一樣。 const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(bright*30); digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds((255 - bright)*30); if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; } 可以看出,這段代碼少了一個(gè)For 循環(huán)。它先輸出一個(gè)高電平,然后維持(bright*30)us。然 后輸出一個(gè)低電平,維持時(shí)間((255-bright)*30)us。這樣兩次高低就能完成一個(gè)PWM 周期。 分辨率也是255。 三、多引腳PWM Arduino 本身已有PWM 引腳并且運(yùn)行起來不占CPU 時(shí)間,所以軟件模擬一個(gè)引腳的PWM 完全沒有實(shí)用意義。我們軟件模擬的價(jià)值在于:他能將任意的數(shù)字IO 口變成PWM 引腳。 當(dāng)一片Arduino 要同時(shí)控制多個(gè)PWM,并且沒有其他重任務(wù)的時(shí)候,就要用軟件PWM 了。 多引腳PWM 有一種下面的方式: int brights[14] = {0}; //定義14個(gè)引腳的初始亮度,可以隨意設(shè)置 int StartPWMPin = 0, EndPWMPin = 13; //設(shè)置D0~D13為PWM 引腳 int PWMResolution = 255; //設(shè)置PWM 占空比分辨率 void setup() { //定義所有IO 端輸出 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { pinMode(i, OUTPUT); //隨便定義個(gè)初始亮度,便于觀察 brights[ i ] = random(0, 255); } } void loop() { //這for 循環(huán)是為14盞燈做漸亮的。每次Arduino loop()循環(huán), //brights 自增一次。直到brights=255時(shí)候,將brights 置零重新計(jì)數(shù)。 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { if((brights[i]++) == PWMResolution) brights[i] = 0; } for(int i = 0; i <= PWMResolution; i++) //i 是計(jì)數(shù)一個(gè)PWM 周期 { for(int j = StartPWMPin; j <= EndPWMPin; j++) //每個(gè)PWM 周期均遍歷所有引腳 { if(i < brights[j])\ 所以我們要更改PWM 周期的話,我們將精度(代碼里面的變量:PWMResolution)降低就行,比如一般調(diào)整LED 亮度的話,我們用64 級(jí)精度就行。這樣速度就是2x32x64=4ms。就不會(huì)閃了。
上傳時(shí)間: 2013-10-23
上傳用戶:mqien
int trace (int i, int j, int low, IMAGE im,IMAGE mag, IMAGE ori) float gauss(float x, float sigma) float dGauss (float x, float sigma) float meanGauss (float x, float sigma) void hysteresis (int high, int low, IMAGE im, IMAGE mag, IMAGE oriim) void canny (float s, IMAGE im, IMAGE mag, IMAGE ori)
標(biāo)簽: IMAGE float int gauss
上傳時(shí)間: 2015-01-30
上傳用戶:杜瑩12345
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